States And People In Global Politics Flashcards
History of HR 5
. 1899 and 1997: Hague Conventions on laws of war
. 1926: slavery Convention on suppression of slavery and slave trade
. 1948: universal déclaration on HR
. 1949: geneva Convention on rights of wartime prisonners and non combattants
. 1953: European court of HR
. Further treaties ( 9 convenants: women, racial discrimination…)
How to protect HR
A. Monitoring bodies (9 committies)
B. Int court ICJ and ICC, EU court of HR, Af court of Human and People right…
C. UN actions on HR ( interventions such as Rwanda before genocide…)
3 générations of HR
A. Civil and political rights: (“négative rights”=”freedom from” state interference) freedom of speech, votes ex Magna Carta, 1966 ICCPR
B. Economic, social and cultural rights: (“positive rights”=”freedom to” do things so gov intervention to provide the pop with as much opportunities as possible): equality, social aid, fraternity
Ex: 1966 ICESCR
C. Solidarity Rights: collective rights, right to self-determination …
Critics to HR
A. difficult enfoncement bcs inflation of HR so decrease of the value of each
B. Marxist critic: HR under capitalism although the sys is exploitative + still class privileges
C. Cultural critic: western-centrist basis ( not everyone has the same idea of justice) + imposed
D. Historical hypocrisy and smokescreen ( ex Irack)
E. Écological critic: focus on HR but no environnemental rights
Migration def UNESCO
Process of moving, across an international border or within a State
Migrant def UNESCO
A person undergoing a (semi) permanent change of residence
Int migrant def UNESCO
Any perso who has change his/her country of residence
Refugee def
A person outside his country of origin who cannot return to his country bcs of fear of persecution, threats of life…
Asylum seeker def
Smne who seek for int protection outside his territory
Def IDP : internally deplaced person
People who leave their home without crossing ant international-recognised border
Diff emigration and immigration
Imm: the fact to install in another country
Em: the fact to leave your origin country
Who are “ people on the move”
Refugee, asylum seeker, migrant with irregular status ( no id papers), IDP, stateless person ( pers who is not considered as a National by any states under the opération of its law)
History of Migration
. Migration is as old as human existence : nomads until they became sedentary around 9.000 BC
. Regularly in Persian, Roman and Mongol Empires
. Eu colonial empires caused a lot of Migration including slavery
. Nowadays sources are manifold: tourism, travel, education, employement… ( often focus on forced Migration but it is not the majority of Migration today)
Key number migration
2019: 281 million migrants : 3.6% pop
What is the paradox of migration
Contradictory narratives
. Mig positively contribute to their destination countries or communities
. Yet often frames as security threat
. Mig are Lazy they don’t work
. They “ still ours jobs”
.use ours social welfare…