Environment Flashcards
Different understandings of environment
. Space around us, so we don’t belong in
. Discussions abt climate change
. Relation btwn human and non human world, the longevity of this planet and the future of human life
More than global warming
.biodiversity loss: 90% of loss of biod bcs of extraction of natural ressources
. Env degradation: pollution of water( dead of animals and conflicts so hydrodiplomacy),
. Growig urbanisation and indu farming (urbanisation and chemical pesticides)
Paris Agreement
2015, limitation at 1,5°C the warming of the earth temperature after indu
2024: still deforstation, submergence, more and more inhospitable except for the rich who have technologies
Causes migration
Paris Agreement
2015, limitation at 1,5°C the warming of the earth temperature after indu
2024: still deforstation, submergence, more and more inhospitable except for the rich who have technologies
Causes migration
History of environmentalism
-60’: NGO politicise env
-70’: first istitutional discussion of env.
..Clubs of Rome in the limits to growth:
warn abt long term consequences of unchecked eco and pop growth
..UN environnement Programm: following Stockholm conférence = 1st major global gathering focused on env issues
-80’: sustainable dvlpmt, Brundtland Repot: eco dvlpmt and env protection are interconnected
-90’: National commitments tocard climate
-2000’: global legal commitments toward climate
Theories on how to adress env challenges by relationship btwn sustainability and economic growth
. Green capitalism : economic growth +innovation lead to wealth création lead to Green investments and technological solutions
BUT extraction ressources from the env
.liberal institutionalism: free market is insufficient, need of institutions and international coopération to guide sustainable policies, which can lead to eco growth
BUT institutions don’t act swiftly and decisively enough and lack of power to enforce
. Bio-environmentalism: continuous eco growth is unsustainable, we have to reduce consumption and production : more localised eco and less ressource intensive lifestyle
BUT halting growth lead to eco instability, job loss sp on devloping countries that dépend on growth for poverty alleviation
.social greenism: fundamentaly reshape/replace capitalist sys that incentivizes constant growth and over exploitation of natural ressources by social justice, wealth distribution, eco that prioritizes ecological and social well-being over profit and growth
BUT significant political and eco resistence
Explanation for in-action
.tragedy of the commons ( Garrett Harding): short term indiv interest stand in the way of the protection and use of public goods
. Collective action pb (Mancur Olson): indiv or groups fail to cooperate to achieve a common goal
Roots in Game Theory ( difficulty to adress large scale issues)
.anthropocene : geological epoch were human activity has become the dominant influence on env ( ecocide) effect of colonialism ++
.curent policies are state and human centered
Interspecies politics succeeded
. Equator, 2008, rewrote its constitution with the right of nature
. Switzerland, 2008, amands its constitution with recoco of all well-bekng including plants
.Bolivia, 2009, recognized the importance of protecting nature
. 2017, NZ, granted personality to a river so rights…
“Hope without optimism”
Who wrote what happens if we don’t take nature for granted
Simon Delby
What did Simon Delby wrote
What happens if we don’t take nature for granted?
Who wrote can we save the planet?
Carl Death
What did Carl Death wrote
Can we save the planet?
According to Delby what is the “traditional” mode of thinking:
- Separation of human and nature (= external ressource to exploit)
- Industrialisation and capitalism so overconsumption
- Technological optimism (=techno alone can save all the pb)
4.anthropocentrism: human are the center of the universe - Globalisation and consumption (= global eco sys enencourages high consumption)
According to Dolby, what is “indugenous” mode of thinking
- Connexion with nature
- Holistic approaches: Knoweldge tend to be global, focus on relationship btwn animals, lands and human
3.long standing practices of env stewardship: sustainability and respect of natural ressources - Thinking across générations
- Decentralized governence and local Knoweldge
Show the complexity of addressing global environmental challenges through governance mechanisms according to Carl Death
. State lead env gov: through laws
. Market-based env gov: eco incentives to promote env stewardship
. Global env gov: through multilateral agreements and orga
. Non state actors and civil society (NGO, activist groups…)
. Community based and indigenous env gov: local
. Technological innovations aand Green technology
. Sustainable development frameworks ( UN sus goals)
. Hybrid Approaches: =/ strategies
