states Flashcards
What does Religious toleration mean?
Defend rights to worship, not to interfere, defended by 1689 john Locke. There is no jurisdiction over conscious, only in civil matters.
What is an act of toleration?
Refers to freedom of worship for majority of protestant worships 1688-9.
When was the Glorious Revolution?
1688-89.
What is religious toleration associated with?
State government, unfolds as secularisation occurs.
Guaranteed existent of parliament and monarchy
When was the revocation of edict of Nantes in France?
1685
Was Toleration common under Louis?
Toleration not the general trend within the period under absolutist King louis.
What was the duty of Medieval monarchies?
They were sacralised authority. Their duty was to uphold the true religion
What is meant by royal touch? Why was this symbolic?
The belief that the touch of king can heal a disfiguring disease.
Kings could be canonised, make saints like louis.
What role did the Reformation have on attitudes to the King and his gifts?
Reformation complicates it, brings religious divisions and religious responsibilities of secular authorities.
What did the 16th c reformation bring?
Religious disunity.
Protestant magistrates gained authority over nation/ territorial churches.
The confessional states emerged and so did the ideal of religious uniformity. This led to religious persecution.
16-17th the secular authority responded by trying to uphold distinctive confession.
What did these Confessional states maintain?
Religious unity within territory, united under a particular religion.
Why was there religious unity?
People’s salvation was at stake. Their souls needed to be saved in order to prevent eternal damnation
To persecute can be construed as an act of charity.
These beliefs go back to medieval church which was associated between religious dissent and disorder.
Confessionalization contributed to what?
To the development of the state, shared of religion encouraged shared identity, community of beliefs that can be defined against others, like heretics etc.
What toleration good?
Used as a dirty word, negative situation to endure reluctantly.
Some states surprising religious pluralism, toleration did exist in 16thc but spoken in negative sense.
What is powerful in Poland?
Poland’s nobility is very power, crown difficult to impose faith on nobility.
1573 declaration of Warsaw – setting ground rules to monarchy, nobles keep peace among selves so nothing descended into religious anarchy. Social interests transcend religious divisions.
Sigismund III (Holy Roman Emperor) was a zealous catholic and cranked up the pressure. Rewarding conversion.
What about centralising states?
Centralising states win over local nobles by incorporating them.
When did the Swedes invade?
1665-60 invasion by Sweden ‘the deluge’, protestant associated with foreignness, Catholicism seen as true religion.
What could the Habsburgs empire not hope to accomplish?
Can’t hope to enforce Catholic over all territories.
Peace of Augsburg, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. (Cuius regio, eius religio – whose realm, his religion).
When was the Thirty years’ war?
1618-48
It involved the re-catholicization. Dragonnades was a response (a form of persecution directed by Louis XIV against French Protestants).
What peaks in the 17thc Austria?
Witch hunting and there is a growing concern to enforce uniformity and religious practise. (later in Poland)
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
Henri IV - legal existence for Huguenots with limits, brings violent stage of religious warfare to end.
The King sought to rebuild the authority lost in religious wars, the presence of religious diversity is an obstacle they want to transcend.
When was the Edict revoked?
1685 by Louis XIV.
France is exception, louis vision of kingship is tolerant of religious superstition among catholic subjects.
What was decriminalised in France?
Witchcraft in 1682.
This reflected long concerns to rationalise rule and the population to make sure local officers aren’t pursuing own vendettas but Louis’.
When is Catholicism outlawed in the Netherlands?
1576 Catholicism is formally outlawed and Calvinism is established as official religion.
The public church is the only church supported by the state and actively promoted.
There is never a sense that everyone belongs this church though.
Cath is practised behind closed doors.
