State final

Question 2

thrombocytopenia

Answer 2

A condition that occurs when the blood platelet count is low.

Question 3

Neutropenia

Answer 3

abnormally low white blood cell (neutrophils)

Question 4

Communicable Disease

Answer 4

spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.

Question 5

Non Communicable disease

Answer 5

A non-communicable disease is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another.

Question 6

Example of Non Communicable diseases

Answer 6

Diabetes, Parkinsons, Cancer, strokes, heart conditions

Question 7

Example of communicable diseases

Answer 7

CoronaVirus, Influenza. Hep B/C
Chickenpox

Question 8

What would be elevated in a metastatic bone cancer lab

Answer 8

ALP
Alkaline Phosphate

Question 9

aperients

Answer 9

anti-constipation

Question 10

The most important electrolyte of intracellular

Answer 10

potassium

Question 11

the most important electrolyte of extracellular?

Answer 11

sodium

Question 12

Very high levels of protein in the urine ?

Answer 12

proteinuria

Question 13

Tissue ischaemia

Answer 13

a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism

Question 14

haemophilia

Answer 14

an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly

Question 15

Reactive bleeding

Answer 15

Reactive bleeding refers to bleeding within 24 hours of the operation.

Question 16

Primary bleeding

Answer 16

bleeding that occurs during the surgical procedure.

Question 17

Secondary bleeding

Answer 17

bleeding occurring within 7-10 days after the operation

Question 18

microcytic anaemia

Answer 18

characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells.

Question 19

crepitius

Answer 19

grinding, popping sound of bones together

Question 20

carpal tunnel

Answer 20

occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist.

Question 21

fasciotomy

Answer 21

a procedure in which the fascia is cut to relieve pressure in the muscle compartment syndrome

Question 22

bursitis

Answer 22

a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs — called bursae (bur-SEE) — that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints

Question 23

Dupuytrens Contracture

Answer 23

A gradual thickening and tightening of tissue under the skin in the hand, causing 1 or 2 fingers to stay bent toward the palm

Question 24

5 P’s of dislocation

Answer 24

Position
Pulse
Pallor
Paralysis
Pain

Question 25

DEXA

Answer 25

Bone Density Scan

Question 26

Pagets Disease

Answer 26

interferes with your body’s normal recycling process, in which new bone tissue gradually replaces old bone tissue.

Question 27

How many types of arthritis are there?

Answer 27

140

Question 28

Avascular Necrosis

Answer 28

disease that results from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone.

Question 29

Subluxation

Answer 29

an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ.

Question 30

Plantar Fascitis

Answer 30

inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of your foot that connects your heel bone to your toes.

Question 31

erikson, an infant is in the psychosocial stage

Answer 31

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 32

Fat embolism syndrome

Answer 32

a condition where particles of fat get into your bloodstream and block blood flow -
S+S
S o b
confusion, headache, or seizures.
Petechial rash
Racing heart rate.
Fever.

Question 32

Venous thrombosis

Answer 32

occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses.
S+S
Headache
Blurred vision
Fainting or loss of consciousness
Loss of control over movement in part of the body
Seizures

Question 33

compensatory stage of shock

Answer 33

the initial stage of shock when the body is still able to compensate for the decrease in tissue perfusion despite a loss of intravascular fluid volume or cardiac dysfunction.
S+S
Tachycardia
Changes in Systolic BP

Question 33

the primary goal for the care of a client who is in shock

Answer 33

Achieve adequate tissue perfusion
- Restore intravascular volume, redistribute fluid, and address the underlying cause of fluid loss.

Question 33

Carcinoma

Answer 33

cancer which originates from epithelial cells from the skin,
gut or the lining of internal organs.

Question 34

Sarcoma

Answer 34

originates in the bone, muscle, or fat

Question 35

Melanoma

Answer 35

Melanocytes in the skin

Question 36

TNM System

Answer 36

T = tumour size centimeters
N = Lymph node status 0-3 can feel nodes
M = Metastasis 0 = tested nodes are cancer free
1 = tested nodes show cancer

Question 37

Hypotonic (low concentration

Answer 37

think HIPPO (swollen cells blown up cells)
- fat cells swelling hypo/hippo – causes swelling -> LYSIS. Used – cellular dehydration. Saline 0.45%, 0.225% & 0.33%. DO NOT give to patients with increased cranial pressure.

Question 38

Hypertonic (high concentration)

Answer 38

Hypertonic think hyperactive skinny! Cells shrink (high concentration) – causes shrinking. Used for – hyponatremia, cerebral oedema. 3 & 5% saline, 10% dex in H2O, 5% dex in 0.9 or 0.45 NS, 5% dex in LR – typically via central venous catheter.

Question 39

Isotonic

Answer 39

Isotonic (equal concentration) No change = inc ECF. 0.9% NS, lactated ringers, 5% in H2O, 5% dex 0.225% NS. Given when blood loss, dehydration, surgery (aka volume loss)

Question 40

Crystalloids

Answer 40

Crystalloids – clear fluids made up of water and electrolytes, will cross semi-permeable membranes, e.g. LR, NS & dex. Used for fluid resuscitation in the presence of hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis, and dehydration