State

Question 1

Locke

Answer 1

Government must be by consent.
Elections can gain consent but consent can also be assumed if their are no attempts to overthrow the state.
Individuals enter a social contract with the state to serve their interests.
Rational beings wouldn’t create a state that doesn’t serve their best interests.
State is necessary for protection.

Question 2

Mill

Answer 2

States can only restrict individual’s freedoms when they attempt to restrict others’ freedoms.
Utilitarianism should be avoided.
Direct democracy would result in the tyranny of the majority, representative democracies allow minorities’ interests to be protected.

Question 3

Rawls

Answer 3

The state should be enabling; it must give equality of opportunity to the disadvantaged by increasing public spending.