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Behavioral Science > STARS > Flashcards

STARS Flashcards

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1
Q

When is the peak age for bullying?

A

going INTO and transitioning OUT of middle school

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2
Q

Zero tolerance policies, conflict resolution/peer mediation, group treatment for bullies

A

school should NOT have these…sends mixed messages about bullying and makes kids less likely to report

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3
Q

Definition anorexia nervosa

A

restriction leading to clinically significant low weight, intense fear of gaining weight or behavior that interferes with gaining weight, lack of recognition of seirousness of low body weight.

two types: restricting or binge/purging

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4
Q

How to quantify severity of anorexia

A

BMI

mild 17-18..49
extreme

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5
Q

How is binge eating disorder different from bulima or anorexia?

A

No regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors

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6
Q

Other things to consider on differential when suspecting eating disorder

A

feeding disorder, inflammatory bowel disease, primary endocrine disorder, diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, depression/other psych, malignancy

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7
Q

How to quantify binge eating disorder severity

A

number of episodes of binge eating per week

mild 1-3
extreme 14

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8
Q

How to quantify bulima nervosa severity

A

Number of purging episodes weekly

mild 103
severe 14+

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9
Q

Common findings on physical for patient with eating disorder

A

cortical atrophy, prolonged QTc, sick euthyroid syndrome, Lanugo (fine soft hair), Russell’s sign *damage/calluses on knuckles from self induced vomiting), enamel erosion, parotid hypertrophy

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10
Q

When can ASD be detected?

A

as early as 18 months, but usually picked up by experienced clinician by 24 months

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11
Q

What is seen in typical infant at 9-12 months that isn’t seen in ASD infants?

A

Joint attention

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12
Q

Red flags for ASD

A

no response to name by 12 months, no pointing for interest by 14 months, no pretend play by 18 months, hyper/hypo sensitivity to certain senses

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13
Q

Medications for ASD

A

target symptom (anxiety, ADHD, etc) but no agent addresses the core features sadly

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14
Q

ASD boys vs girls

A

5x more common in boys

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15
Q

Concept of immanent justice (preoperational)

A

belief that a form of natural justice exists, leading to guilt and shame

ex: I got cancer because I didn’t tell my mom the truth

concepts of immanent justice can be abandoned earlier when appropriate explanations are given

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16
Q

Concept of temporal causality (preoperational)

A

ex: I fell down and that made me get a cough

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17
Q

Concept of contagion applied to things irrelevant to infection (preoperational)

A

I got cancer from a cold

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18
Q

What Piaget phase does one finally understand two unrelated symptoms can manifest from one condition?

A

Formal (11+)

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19
Q

Significant risk factor for emotional instability during illness

A

6 months - 5 years + early adolescence

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20
Q

The time of greatest vulnerability to physical deformity and or disability occurs…?

A

during early and middle adolescence

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21
Q

What age is a risk factor for pre-operative anxiety?

A
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22
Q

No Child Left Behind was correlated with a rise in what?

A

ADHD diagnosis

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23
Q

In elementary school children, what’s the presentation like for ADHD in boys vs girls

A

boys - tend to have hyperactive presentation

girls - tend to have inattentive presentation

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24
Q

How does ADHD evolve into adolescence?

A

Physical hyperactivity diminishes, but inattention/impulsivity stay (worse driving habits, accidents, speeding, increased consequences of sexuality, more difficult to gain teen’s cooperation with diagnosis)

25
Q

What two substances are lethal in withdrawal?

A

Alcohol - delirium tremens

benzodiazepines - seizures

26
Q

What is the final common pathway in the acute REINFORCING effects of many abused drugs

A

dopamine release in nucleus accumbens (VTA dopaminergic projects to nucleus accumbens)

27
Q

What level of alcohol intoxication can result in coma/death?

A

> .4

28
Q

Dangerous withdrawal syndrome; alcohol

A

delirium tremens, manage with BZDs like lorazepam

29
Q

3 meds to treat alcohol dependence

A
  1. Naltrexone - opiod antagonist, first line drug; DOES reduce cravings
  2. acamprosate (GABA/NMDA antagonist)
  3. disulfiram (alcohol sensitizer, causes vomiting if alcohol ingested)
30
Q

Are benzos lethal?

A

Not too much in overdose, but when taken with other sedative YES

31
Q

Most commonly abused illicit drug/gateway drug? ;)

A

WEEEEEED NIGGA

32
Q

How does cocaine alter brain’s dopamine receptors?

A

DOWN regulates the POST synaptic receptors (which don’t recover even over months of abstinence), UP regulates the PRE synaptic transporters….leads to hypodopaminergic state (Parkinsonism)…depressed without drug, and needing the drug more to achieve “normal” levels of dopamine

33
Q

How do stimulants affect cerebral blood flow?

A

Abnormally adherent platelets + vasoconstriction = multi infarct dementia

affective/sensory dysregulation (can’t understand complex emotional events, can’t decide quickly to use relapse prevention cognitive skills when craving stimulated)

chronic perfusion defects even after abstinence

34
Q

Mechanisms of opiates

A

bind receptors and cause INHIBITION of cAMP production…need only low dose to be agonist = low dependence, weaker withdrawal

35
Q

Which patients respond best to naltrexone?

A
  1. complex and severely dependent patients
  2. patients with strong family history of alcholism
  3. patients with OPRM (hypersensitive opioid receptor, A/G allele more responsive)
36
Q

B-endorphin levels in high risk alcoholic patients

A

B-endorphin levels are very low in high risk alcoholic patients, so if these guys consume alcohol it raises b-endorphin levels DRAMATICALLy. Naltrexone “normalizes” high risk patients response to alcohol and limits b-endorphin increase from alcohol

37
Q

Which medications can be used to treat nicotine dependence?

A

VARENICLINE (partial nicotine agonist) > nicotine replacement therapy and buproprion (limited utility)

selegiline may improve abstinince

38
Q

Things to take into account in pediatric presentations for mental illness

A
  • children may present with more severe versions of symptoms that are milder in non-referred children (fears, tantrums, restlessness)
  • presentations may differ from adult guided DSM crtieria
  • childhood depression presents as IRRITABILITY rather than sadness (childhood PTSD is often sub-threshold and doesn’t always involve all criteria)
39
Q

Implications for education (Vygotsky, socio cultural)

A

guided participations in which instructions are tailored to the child’s current abilities or cooperative learning exercises where students assist each other

40
Q

zone of proximal development

A

gap between what you can do yourself and the skillfull learner

41
Q

scaffodling

A

process by which an expert responds contingently to the novice so the novice increases understanding

42
Q

Match these Erikson stages with their Freud stages

  1. infancy
  2. early childhood
  3. school age
  4. adolescence
A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. latency
  4. genital
43
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

begins around 8 months, peaks at about 24 months

44
Q

separation anxiety

A

begins 6-8 months; peaks 14-18 months

45
Q

“goodness (or poorness) of fit

A

idea that development is both molded and optimized when parents’ child rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child’s characteristics

46
Q

tries to stay close to mom, but explores very little when she’s present; becomes very distressed when mom leaves and doesn’t calm down even when she’s there, wary of strangers

A

resistant ambivalent

47
Q

shows LITTLE distress when separated from mom, ignores mom

A

avoidant

48
Q

combo of resistant and avoidant, periods of being dazed/frozen, depressed mothers or abused infants, most associated with psychopathology

A

disorganized/disoriented

49
Q

understandable to parents most of the time

A

2-3 years

50
Q

understandable to strangers most of the time

A

3-4 years

51
Q

Significant speech/language disorders during childhood predispose you to…

A

learning disabilities/written language disorders, and mental health issues

52
Q

At 8 years old, self ratings are similar to teachers in all categories except….

A

behavioral conduct

53
Q

Recommended TV at young age

A

2 yo 1-2 hrs per day

54
Q

migration (neural movement)

A

occurs prenatally, damage in 2nd trimester = schizophrenia/other disorders

55
Q

aborization

A

extension of dendritic arms of cells

56
Q

pruning

A

neuronal loss; increases at 2 years old; “use it or lose it”; occurs with myelination to increase info processing

57
Q

myelination

A

“insulation” of axons and neurons….cortical and frontal lobes myelinate later = less complex reasoning and less attention in childhood

58
Q

What happens when there is damage to anterior cingulate gyrus?

A

decreased maternal behavior, empathy, expressiveness + increased response to stress, inappropriate social behavior, impulsiveness

59
Q

At what age do you see gender conservation?

A

3-7 years old

Behavioral Science (6 decks)

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