Starred Lecture Items L16 Flashcards
how many bones make up the pelvis
3
what is the fovea
depression in the head of the femur
what is the longest bone and muscle in the body
femur and sartorius
what is the torsion angle of the femur
12 degrees, if greater or less than 12, it will create toed in or out
what is the angle of inclination of the femoral head
126 degrees
what type of bone is the patella
sesamoid
what mechanical advantage does the patella provide
last 20ish degrees of leg extension (quads)
what attaches to gerdy tubercle
IT band
TFL
where is the tibial plateau found and whats the most common type of injury to them
flat area, apex of tibia
pedestrian auto accidents (plateau is level with bumper)
what spinal level is hip adduction myotome
L2, L3, L4
what spinal level is hip abduction myotome
L5 S1
what goes through the fovea
ligament of the head of femur
obturator artery is inside the ligament, attaches to the head of the femur
what is the parent structure for the obturator artery
ligament of the head of the femur?????
what are the 3 hip ligaments and what movements do they resist
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral (also resists abduction)
resist hyper extension of hip
are the three hip ligaments intra or extracapsular
intracellular, they are the capsule
knee joint articulations and what does not articulate
lateral femorotibial
medial femorotibial
femoropatellar
NO FIBULAR ARTICULATIONS
what stabilizes the knee joint
muscles/ligaments
most impt: quadriceps femoris
what position is the knee joint most stable
extension
what are the contents of the adductor canal
saphenous nerve
femoral VAN
adductor hiatus
quadriceps femoris muscles and what do they form
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
(form a common tendon– quadriceps tendon)
where is the quadricep tendon
superior/proximal to the patella
what does the quadriceps tendon turn into and where
patellar ligament/ patellar tendon; inferior to the patella
what nerve enervates rectus femoris
femoral nerve
what enervates everything in front of the femur
femoral nerve
sartorius, pectineus, rectus femoris, iliacus?????
does rectus femoris attach to ASIS or AIIS
AIIS
what soft tissue structure lies superficial to the vastus lateralis
IT band
what is the VMO and what is it impt for
vastus medialis oblique
distal portion of the VM
important for patellar tracking (if weak, patella pulls laterally, if strong–pulls patella more medially)
most common location for patellar injury
laterally
where is popliteus found
very deep, posterior knee
does popliteus touch the fibia
no
what is the main function of the popliteus
unlocks the knee by rotation femur on fixed tibia
to straighten knee/ lock, which way does the tibia rotate
quads straighten, bones do outward twist to lock
to unlock knee, which way does the tibia rotate
popliteus unlocks by medially/inward twist
where does superior gluteal nerve run to
TFL???
where does the inferior gluteal nerve run to
gluteus maximus
how many hamstring muscles are biarticulate
3 of 4
which hamstring muscle is not biarticulate
biceps femoris
what are the hamstring muscles
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long/short heads)
what are the lateral 2 hamstring muscles and what are the medial 2
lateral: biceps femoris
medial: semitendinosus, semimembranosus (both semis go medially)
what makes up the pes anserine
gracilis, semitendinosus, sartorius
what is the order of the pes anserine, what are the nerves, and what’s the saying
SGT FOT
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
femoral, obturator, tibial nerve
medial to lateral
when does the femoral artery become the popliteus artery
after passing through the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus
where do clots happen in veins
deep vein (deep vein thrombosis)
where are saphenous structures
medial leg
what is a femoral hernia caused by
abdominal viscera protrudes through the femoral ring at the saphenous opening
popliteal fossa contents
popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve
AVN
which nerve does lateral and which stays straight: tibial, common fibular
common fibular nerve goes lateral
tibial nerve stays straight
whats the parent structure of common fibular nerve
sciatic nerve
where are sural structures located
lateral lower leg
genu varum and valgum laymans term
varum: bowleg (decreased Q angle)
valgum: knock knee (increased Q angle)
what is the Q angle and do males or females have a bigger angle
difference between the line of gravity and where the femur runs/angle of the femur
female have a bigger Q angle bc hips are wider
what movement does the LCL restrict
what movement does the MCL/ tibia collateral ligament resist
the oblique popliteal ligament is an extension of what tendon
what movement does the ACL resist
prevents anterior displacement of tibia
hyperextension of knee joint
what movement does the PCL resist
prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
prevents hyperflexion of knee
ACL two bundles
AM and PL
anteromedial, posterolateral
what part of the meniscus has blood
very outer part
what meniscus is bigger
medial
which meniscus is circular, smaller, and more freely moving
lateral
which meniscus is c-shaped, wider posteriorly than anteriorly, and less mobile
medial
which meniscus is more likely to be injured
medial
what three structures are injured with an unhappy triad
MCL, ACL, and medial menisc
