Staphylococci & Micrococci Flashcards
Normal inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other animals
Staphylococci
Gram+ cocci Non-motile Non-spore forming Catalase + Coagulase + Aerobic or Facultative anaerobe Bacitracin resistant
Staphylococci
Gives staphylococci a positive result in coagulase test
staphylocoagulase
Gram+ cocci Catalase + Coagulase - Modified Oxidase + Bacitracin susceptible Growth on MSA
Staphylococci
Other gram-positive cocci that are occasionally recovered with staphylococci
Rothia mucilaginosa
Aerococcus
Alloiococcus otitis (recovered from the
human middle ear fluid)
An important cause of nosocomial infection
S. aureus
Heat-stable exotoxins that are able to exhibit symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.
Enterotoxins
Enterotoxin B
staphylococcal pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Enterotoxin F
Toxic shock syndrome
It causes the epidermal layer of the skin to slough off
Exfoliative toxin or Epidermolytic toxin
known to cause staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS), sometimes referred to as Ritter Disease
Exfoliative toxin or Epidermolytic toxin
Blister formation and sloughing at the top layer of the
skin. Most common in infant and newborns
Scalded skin syndrome or Ritter Disease
Formation of large blisters
Bullous impetigo
Lyses erythrocytes, damages platelets and macrophages and cause severe
damage
a-hemolysin
acts on sphingomyelin using the sphingomyelinase C enzyme in the plasma membrane of
erythrocytes and is also called the “hotcold” lysin
b-hemolysin
exhibited in the Christie, Atkins and Munch Petersen (CAMP) test performed in the laboratory to identify group B streptococci
b-hemolysin
Exotoxin lethal to polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)
hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in the
intracellular ground substance that makes up connective tissues, permitting the spread of bacteria during infection
Hyaluronidase
Has the ability to bind the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) which can block phagocytosis andnegate the protective effect of IgG
Protein A
Associated with drug reactions and has been linked to
antimicrobials and anticonvulsives, Can be resolved by the administration of steroids early in
the initial stages of presentation, whereas steroids
aggravate SSS
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Rare but potentially fatal, multisystem disease characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and rash, which can quickly progress to hypotension and shock
Toxic shock syndrome
A life-threatening disorder with erythema, necrosis and bullous detachment of the epidermis resulting in possible sepsis and or death
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
enterotoxins associated with gastrointestinal disturbances / food poisoning
Enterotoxin A (78%), D (38%), B (10%)
It is considered as normal skin biota but is a common source of hospital acquired infections and often a contaminant in improperly collected blood culture specimens
S. epidermidis
