Staph Flashcards
1.Describe the epidemiology of staphylococcal infection.
Colonize human skin and mucosal surfaces; can survive on environmental surfaces
2.List the of virulence factors associated with MRSA
mecA - Encodes for altered “penicillin-binding protein 2a” (PBP2a)
Has decreased binding affinity for ß-lactam antibiotics and allows peptidoglycan synthesis even in the presence of B-lactam antibiotics
mecA is carried on a mobile genetic element called “staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec” (SCCmec)
3.Identify species of staphylococci that are coagulase and slide latex positive
Staphylococcus aureus
4.List the clinically significant species of coagulase-negative staphylococci and describe the diseases they are associated with
S. epidermidis - infections in catheters and indwelling devices
S. saprophyticus - UTI’s in sexually active women
S. lugdunesis - colonizes inguinal area
- List six settings that have been associated with community-acquired MRSA outbreaks
Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections include Surgical wound infections Urinary tract infections Bloodstream infections Pneumonia Central venous catheter line infections
Community-associated: Sports participants Correctional facilities Military recruits Daycare and other institutional center Men who have sex with men - MSM
- List five severe disease syndromes in which MRSA should be considered in the differential diagnosis
Sepsis syndrome Osteomyelitis Necrotizing pneumonia Septic arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis
- Describe effective infection prevention measures to control MRSA infections in the hospital
Hand hygiene Contact/Droplet precautions Effective cleaning of the patient care environment Clean shared/dedicated equipment Appropriate use of antibiotics Nose swab
- Describe some key visual characteristics of staph
Beta-hemolytic Grape-clusters Coccci Gram positive Reacts with coagulase
- List the of virulence factors associated with S. aureus
Capsules Protein A Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) Coagulase Hemolysins
