Standing on shoulders part 2

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

all matter is made of atoms

the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.

Question 2

groups

Answer 2

the vertical columns

• each group contains atoms with the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
• e.g group 7 has 7 electrons in it’s outer shell

Question 3

Periods

Answer 3

the horizontal rows

• each one has the same number of electron shells
• e.g period 5 has 5 shells of electrons

Question 4

periodic table

Answer 4

A chart that organises all the known chemical elements into groups based on their properties

Question 5

elements

Answer 5

pure substances made of only one type of atom

Question 6

structure of an atom

Answer 6

each element is made up of sub-atomic particles:
protons
neutrons
electrons
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus with the electrons orbiting the outside

Question 7

protons

Answer 7

positively charged

Question 8

neutrons

Answer 8

no charge

Question 9

electrons

Answer 9

negatively charged

Question 10

how many electrons in each circle

Answer 10

2, 8, 8

Question 11

1st atom theory

Answer 11

Democritus
460bc
all matter is made up of small individual sphere called atoms that differ in shape and size
analogy: lego

Question 12

2nd atom theory

Answer 12

Dalton
1803
All matter is made up of small particles called atoms and all atoms are identical
billard ball

Question 13

3rd atom theory

Answer 13

Thompson
1897
Plum pudding or cookie
Plum pudding model where with heavy positive pudding with electrons embedded in it

Question 14

4th atom theory

Answer 14

Rutherford
1912
Electrons are found in clouds around the nucleus
cherry with a pit

Question 15

5th atom theory

Answer 15

Bohr
1913
electrons orbiting nucleus in shells
Planetary model

Question 16

how to draw an atom

Answer 16

Formula: 2,8,8 (2 in first shell, 8 in second, 8 in third, as many as you can in fourth)
Look at the mass number and draw the electrons in their shells using the formula.

Question 17

Calculating protons, neutrons and electrons

Answer 17

Proton = Atomic number
Electron = Atomic Number
Neutron = Atomic Mass – Atomic number (big – little)

Question 18

Metals:

Answer 18

malleable and ductile – group no. 1-4 – examples: aluminium

Question 19

Non-Metals:

Answer 19

dull, brittle, poor electrical conductors – group no. 5-8 – examples: oxygen

Question 20

Alkali Metals:

Answer 20

far too reactive to be found in pure form, extreme chemical behaviour – group no. 1 – examples: Sodium, Potassium

Question 21

Transition Metals:

Answer 21

colourful, high melting points, get bigger and less reactive down the group – group no. 3-12 – examples: Iron, copper, zinc, gold

Question 22

Metalloids:

Answer 22

properties of metals and non-metals – group no. 4-6 – examples: boron, silicon

Question 23

Halogens:

Answer 23

found in salts, coloured and poisonous vapours – group no. 17 – examples: chlorine

Question 24

Noble gases:

Answer 24

colourless and occur naturally in atmosphere, stable – group no. 18 – examples: helium, neon`

Question 25

Same group=

Answer 25

similar properties

Question 26

Mendeleev

Answer 26

developed the modern periodic table
The amazing thing about Mendeleev’s periodic table was that he left gaps for undiscovered elements, and predicted the properties of these elements.