Standards, Laws, and Management Strategies (20%) Flashcards
International and domestic civil rights laws for disability rights. Applying accessibility standards and regulations to ICT and across organizations.
What 3 types of laws can impact accessibility?
- Civil rights laws
- Procurement laws
- Industry-specific laws
What is a civil rights law?
A civil right is an individual’s right to freedom and to equal treatment, not to be subjected to discrimination based on certain characteristics.
Civil rights laws look to protect rights such as privacy and freedom of speech and protect people from from discrimination in multiple settings, such as employment, housing, public spaces, and education.
Disability-related civil rights laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability and protect the rights of people with disabilities.
What are 4 examples of civl rights laws that protect rights for people with disabilities?
- Americans w/ Disasbilities Act (US)
- The Accessibility for Ontarions with Disabilities Act (Canada)
- The Equality Act of 2010 (UK)
- The Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities (Japan)
What are procurement laws?
Laws that specifically detail standards and requirements for purchasing goods and services from external sources.
What 2 examples of procurement laws focus on accessibility?
- Section 508 (Rehab Act of US)
- EN 301 549 (EU)
What is the focus of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act?
All products and services procured by the federal government must meet accessibility standards.
WCAG level A and AA required by reference
What organizations are accountable to Section 508 of the US Rehabilitation Act?
All organizations that do business with the federal governement
What are 4 laws and standards that directly apply to web accessibility?
- US Americans with Disabilities Act
- US Section 508
- EN 301 549
- European Accessibility Act
How does US Section 508 impact accessibility?
All federal, state, and local government websites must meet Section 508 regulations, based on the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. (Level A and AA)
WCAG incorporated via reference and required
Who enforces Section 508?
Consumers (PWD) filing formal complaints
What are industry-specific laws?
Laws written specifically for particular industries that are important to accessibility. (Ex: telecommunications, airplane travel)
What declaration was the first to establish fundamental human rights and the regarded as the foundation of international human rights laws?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948)
Paris, France
What is a weakness of declarations like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) and the UN’s Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975)?
As declarations, they could only provide a framework and recommendations.
What group of people weren’t protected against discrimination in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
People with Disabilties
What is the main purpose of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)?
- To change attitudes & approaches to persons with disabilities, shifting from viewing people with disabilities as “objects” of charity, medical treatment, and social protection towards viewing people with disabilities as “subjects” with rights, who can make decisions for themselves based on free and informed consent, and be active members in society.
- The 1st binding international human rights treaty where beyond recognition of rights in the convention, state parties must take steps to implement those rights.
- Key instrument for people with disabilities to fight discrimination and exclusion and to promote, implement, monitor, and defend inclusion, accessibility, and equal opportunities.
- With its Optional Protocol, it’s a powerful tool for monitoring and claiming for equal rights.
What are the protections of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities?
- Respecting principles for communication about and with people with disabilities
- Accessing health care, habilitation, and rehabilitation
- Defining and providing reasonable accommodation and accessibility
- Using assistive technologies (AT)
- Accessing information including information technology (IT)
- Supporting independent living and self-determined decisions
- Fostering personal mobility (buildings, transports, public spaces)
- Participating in social, economic, employment, educational, political, recreational, sport, cultural, and legal activities
- Allowing and facilitating monitoring and reporting the progress and claiming disrespect by national and international human rights institutions
Which article of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is to raise awareness? What does it state?
Article 8(1)
* States Parties adopt immediate, effective, and appropriate measures…
* (b) To combat stereotypes, prejudices, and harmful practices relating to PWD, including those based on sex and age, in all areas of life.
Which article of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) deals with accessibility? What does it state?
Article 9
* To enable PWD to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure PWD access (equally to others) to built environment, transportation, info & comm (including ICT), and other facilities and services open to the public (both urban & rural areas).
* Also, identify and eliminate barriers to access; applies to: a) built environment (buildings, roads, schools, housing, medical, workplaces) and b) Information, communication, and services, including electronic and emergency services.
What treaty aims to ensure people with vision and other print disabilities have access access to books and other printed materials?
The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled
(2013)
What are 3 international declarations and conventions on disability rights?
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
- The Marrakesh Treaty