Standardized Assessments for Hand Impairments Flashcards
1
Q
What are strengths of standardized assessments?
A
- Norm referenced or criterion referenced
- Quantitative research
- Follow-up tests are consistent/inter-rater reliability should be consistent
- Enhances professional credibility
- Specific directions increase reliability
2
Q
What are weaknesses of standardized assessments?
A
- Not adaptable - cannot be reported in research or documentation if the test was modified
- Standardized on limited population
- Reading directions is unnatural
3
Q
What is reliability?
A
- A measure of consistency
4
Q
What is inter-rater reliability?
A
- It assesses the degree of agreement between two or more raters in their appraisals
5
Q
What is test-retest reliability?
A
- It assesses the degree to which test scores are consistent from one test administration to the next. Measurements are gathered from a single rater who uses the same methods or instruments and the same testing conditions. This includes intra-rater reliability
6
Q
What is validity?
A
- A test can be reliable without being valid. Validity defines how accurately a test really measures what it claims to measure
7
Q
What is sensitivity?
A
- The ability of a test to accurately measure the presence of a condition (we want the sensitivity to be high). Also known as a true positive. For example, 50 out of 100 of the subjects demonstrated pain (+) with the Neer test of shoulder impingement. Out of those 50, 45 people were actually found to have impingement or rotator cuff tears via MRI or arthroscope. This is an example of 90% sensitivity (45/50 = .90)
8
Q
What is specificity?
A
- The ability of the test to accurately identify the absence of a condition. Also known as a true negative. If 50 out of 100 people did not have a positive Neer sign, then we need to know if any of them actually had a rotator cuff tear. If 3 out of the 50 did not report pain had a rotator cuff tear then the specificity would be 94% (47/50 = .94)
9
Q
What are examples of standardized tests used in hand therapy?
A
- Purdue Peg Board
- Minnesota Rate of Manipulation (MRMT)
- Jebsen Test of Hand Function
- 9 hole peg test
- Moberg Pickup Test
- Box and Blocks
- The Functional Dexterity Test (FDP) - similar to 9 hole peg test
- O’Connor finger/tweezer dexterity test
- Semmes Weinstein Monofilaments
- 2 Point Discrimination
10
Q
What is the Purdue Peg Board?
A
- First developed by Joseph Tiffin, Ph.D., an Industrial Psychologist at Purdue University in 1948
- Device extensively used to aid in the selection of employees for jobs that require fine and gross motor dexterity and coordination
- Measures gross movements of hands, fingers, and arms, and fingertip dexterity as necessary in assembly tasks
- No longer typically used for what it was created for but used as a fine motor activity
- Consists of 5 separate scores/subtests:
1) Right hand
2) Left hand
3) Both hands together
4) Right plus left plus both hands
5) Assembly
11
Q
What is the purpose, parts, methodology, reliability, and standardization of the Purdue Peg Board?
A
- Parts: pins, collars, and washers
- Purpose: fine motor dexterity, grasp and release, gross motor (reach), and manipulation
- Methodology: pick up and place metal pins in board holes. Metal collars and washers may be placed over pins
- Reliability: test-retest correlations for three trials was .84-.91
- Standardized normative data for males and females
12
Q
What is the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (MRMT)?
A
- A series of tests of eye hand coordination and motor abilities
- Test package is commonly used in evaluation of occupational fitness, disability evaluation, and in rehabilitation
- A lot of UE reaching is involved
13
Q
What is the purpose, parts, methodology, reliability, and standardization of the MRMT?
A
- Purpose: measures the speed of gross arm and hand movements during rapid eye-hand coordination tasks
- Equipment required: testing kit has to be purchased and includes 2 folding boards and 60 round blocks. There are 60 holes in four horizontal rows for placing blocks
- Procedure: consists of five subtests: placing, turning, displacing, one-hand turning and placing, and two-hand turning and placing. Tests are performed standing and each test is done 3-5 times
Variations: you can test eye foot dexterity for those with no upper limbs and it is also possible to use with blind people - Standardized: on mill workers
14
Q
What is the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test?
A
- Composed of seven subtests that represent various hand activities and is an occupation based assessment
- Jamar purchased the rights from Jebsen
- Patients are required to perform all of the subtests with both the right and left hands with the non-dominant hand tested first
15
Q
What are the seven items tested in the Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function?
A
- Fine motor, weighted and non-weighted hand function is assessed through:
1) Writing (must write in cursive. Does not analyze handwriting but amount of time it takes to write a phrase)
2) Turning over 3x5 inch cards
3) Picking up small common objects
4) Simulated feeding
5) Stacking checkers
6) Picking up large objects (unweighted and weighted 16 oz cans)
7) Picking up large heavy objects
