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CP2 > Standard Precautions and Hand Hygiene (wk 1) > Flashcards

Standard Precautions and Hand Hygiene (wk 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What area Health care-associated infections (HAIs)?

A

infections people get while they are receiving health care for another condition.

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2
Q

T/F A health-care workers hands when not clean are the main route of cross-transmission of potentially harmful germs between patients in a health care facility

A

True

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3
Q

What is the undisputed single most effective infection control measure in prevention of HAI’s?

A

Hand Hygiene

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4
Q

What does increased Compliance with Hand Hygiene mean?

A

a. Reduced numbers of patients acquiring HAI’s
b. Decreased waste of resources
c. Saving lives

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5
Q

What is the area that includes the patient, surfaces and items that are temporarily and exclusively dedicated to him/her?

A

The patient zone

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6
Q

Name some surfaces in the patient zone.

A
  1. Bed rails
  2. Bedside tables
  3. Bed linens
  4. Tubing
  5. Medical equipment
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7
Q

T/F The Patient zone is a static geographical area.

A

False, Any item designed for reuse or temporarily exposed to the patient should be decontaminated when entering and leaving the patient’s surroundings
(computers, shared bathrooms, table/equipment used for pt, w/c)

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8
Q

What includes all surfaces in the health care setting outside of the patient zone?

A

The health care area

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9
Q

What are 5 moments for hand hygiene?

A
  1. Before touching patient
  2. Before clean/aseptic procedures
  3. After a body fluid exposure
  4. After touching patient
  5. After touching a patient’s surroundings
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10
Q

T/F Gloves take the place of hand hygeine

A

False, Glove use neither alters nor replaces the performance of hand hygiene

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11
Q

What are the two reasons medical gloves are recommended?

A
  1. To reduce the risk of contamination of health-care workers hands with blood and other body fluids
  2. To reduce the risk of germ dissemination to the environment and of transmission from the health-care worker to the patient and vice versa, as well as from one patient to another
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12
Q

What are a group of infection prevention practices applied during care of all individuals, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any health care setting?

A

Standard precautions

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13
Q

T/F Standard precautions assume that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious microbes

A

True

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14
Q

What are 6 elements of standard precautions?

A

a. Hand hygiene
b. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
c. Resident placement—single resident rooms, cohorting
d. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
e. Safe injection practices—needles and other sharps
f. Textiles and laundry handling

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15
Q

When would you use PPE?

A
  1. Anticipated contact with blood and/or body fluids, or pathogen exposure
  2. Prevention of fluid penetration from splashing/sprays
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16
Q

When would you wear gloves?

A
  1. Blood or body substances
  2. Mucous membranes
  3. Non-intact skin (wounds)
    4, Indwelling device insertion site (IVs)
  4. Contaminated items in resident’s environment (soiled equipment)
17
Q

When to wear gowns?

A
  1. During procedures likely to generate splashes, sprays or droplets of blood and body fluids (e.g., catheter insertion, emptying urine collection bags)
  2. When in contact with non-intact skin (e.g., large wounds, rashes, burns)
  3. Handling fluid containers likely to leak, splash or spill when moved (e.g., bedside commodes, bedpans, urinals, emesis basins)
18
Q

When to wear masks and eye protection?

A

Wear during procedures likely to generate splashes, sprays, or droplets of blood and body fluids

  • dressing changes
  • respiratory conditions
  • emptying urine bags
  • irrigation of open wounds
  • oral suctioning
19
Q

What are specific practices added to standard precautions when the spread of infection or organisms is not completely stopped using standard precautions alone?

A

Transmission-based precautions

20
Q

Illnesses requiring contact precautions include, but are not limited to:

A
  1. uncontained excessive wound drainage
  2. uncontained fecal or urine incontinence or other body fluids
  3. Infection or colonization with MDROs or other epidemiologically significant organisms.
    - Examples: MRSA, VRE, resistant gram-negative bacilli such as ESBLs or CREs, C. difficile and scabies
21
Q

For contact precaution strategies, care providers should wear what?

A
  1. Gloves

2. Gowns

22
Q

For contact precaution strategies, care providers should ensure proper environment and equipment care like what?

A
  1. Use disposable equipment or equipment dedicated to that resident when possible. Clean and disinfect common equipment before use for another resident.
  2. Clean and disinfect resident room (at least daily) with a focus on high-touch surfaces.
23
Q

For contact precaution strategies, care providers should establish policies for movement of residents outside of the room based on level of risk of transmission considering what?

A
  1. Presence of active signs/symptoms of infection (e.g., new vomiting or diarrhea, undiagnosed cough, and/or new fever)
  2. Inability to contain excretions or secretions
  3. Challenges with maintaining personal hygiene
24
Q

What is the prevention of transmission of infectious pathogens that are spread to others by speaking, sneezing, or coughing>

A

Droplet Precautions

25
Q

T/F For patients with droplet precautions, care providers should be wearing masks and gloves at all times with these patients

A

True

26
Q

What are preventions against transmission of airborne pathogens?

A

Airborne Precautions

27
Q

Airborne transmission occurs through the dissemination of what two things?

A
  1. airborne droplet nuclei

2. dust particles that contain an infectious agent

28
Q

What are airborne droplet nuclei?

A

small-particles [5 micrometers or smaller] of evaporated droplets containing microorganisms that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time

29
Q

Common diseases requiring airborne precautions include, but are not limited to:

A
  1. Measles
  2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
  3. Varicella (chickenpox)
  4. tuberculosis
30
Q

For patients with airborne precautions, in addition to standard precautions, care providers should be wearing what two things?

A
  1. Masks

2. respirators (N95 respirators)

31
Q

What is an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)?

A
  1. Provides negative pressure room

2. Exhaust directly to the outside or through HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filtration

CP2 (20 decks)

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