Other soft tissue tech (wk 7)

Question 1

What is Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IAST)? What does it do?

Answer 1

1. a process in which the clinician uses a set of hand held instruments to perform manual techniques
2. positive impact on the resynthesis and organization of collagen

Question 2

What is the goal of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IAST)?

Answer 2

to remove scar tissues, stimulate tendons and muscles and promote a return to normal function following soft tissue regeneration

Question 3

Proposed mechanism of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IAST)? (how does inflammation cause pain?)

Answer 3

1. Pain is caused by inflammation, when an injured tissue becomes inflamed, immune cells are recruited and phagocytosis occurs
2. Pain is induced when tissue fragments decomposed by phagocytosis or substrates secreted by various immune cells stimulate nerve endings
3. Chronic inflammation may lead to tissue degeneration and become a cause of long-term pain

Question 4

Studies suggest that IASTM can improve ROM. What is the proposed mechanism?

Answer 4

IASTM improves the extensibility of soft tissues by treating their restrictions/adhesions

Question 5

What is the primary dosage of IASTM?

Answer 5

20-120 seconds, at angle between 30 to 60 degrees

Question 6

Why is sufficient fluid intake is required before and after IASTM application?

Answer 6

Fluid intake assists the blood supply to the injured tissue to facilitate delivery of oxygen and nutrients

Question 7

What are possible side effects of IASTM?

Answer 7

bruising

soreness

Question 8

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

Open wound

Answer 8

absolute contraindication

Question 9

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

cancer

Answer 9

relative contraindication

Question 10

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

lymphedema

Answer 10

relative contraindication

Question 11

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

unhealed suture sites

Answer 11

absolute contraindication

Question 12

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

fracture

Answer 12

relative contraindication

Question 13

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

kidney dysfunction

Answer 13

relative contraindication

Question 14

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

chronic regional pain syndrome

Answer 14

relative contraindication

Question 15

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

thrombophlebitis

Answer 15

absolute contraindication

Question 16

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

pregnancy

Answer 16

relative contraindication

Question 17

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

hematoma

Answer 17

absolute contraindication

Question 18

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:
certain medications (anticoagulants, steroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory )

Answer 18

relative contraindication

Question 19

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

myositis ossificans

Answer 19

absolute contraindication

Question 20

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

RA

Answer 20

relative contraindication

Question 21

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

skin infection

Answer 21

absolute contraindication

Question 22

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

varicose veins

Answer 22

relative contraindication

Question 23

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

unstable fractures

Answer 23

absolute contraindication

Question 24

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

osteoporosis

Answer 24

relative contraindication

Question 25

Relative or absolute contraindication of IASTM:

uncontrolled hypertension

Answer 25

absolute contraindication

Question 26

What is the insertion of thin monofilament needles without the use of an injectable medication?

Answer 26

Dry needling

Question 27

Dry needling can be used to treat what CTs?

Answer 27

muscles, ligaments, tendons, subcutaneous fascia, scar tissue

Question 28

Deep drying needling?

Answer 28

needle is pierced deep into the muscle/target tissue. Local twitch response often elicited

Question 29

Superficial dry needling?

Answer 29

only the skin overlying the target tissue is pierced

Question 30

Needle manipulation?

Answer 30

winding or pistoning of needle in treatment area

Question 31

Intramuscular estim?

Answer 31

e-stim applied with needle in treatment area

Question 32

Proposed mechanisms of dry needling?

Answer 32

1. Langevin researched cell stress via winding of needles which lead to remodeling cyto-architecture, protein synthesis, and virtually micro healing
2. Opioid-formation from various cells can be stimulated by dry needling (immune cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts).
3. A-delta pain to reverse changes via C-fiber pain (gate control)

Question 33

Difference between dry-needling and acupuncture?

Answer 33

1. Acupuncture - Targets specific “meridians” on the body
   - “Meridians” thought to connect internal organs in the body and are intended to open up one’s energy flow
2. Dry needling- Targets specific muscle/structure thought to be involved in impairment and pain

Question 34

Proposed mechanism of cupping:

Answer 34

1. Mechanically it increases blood circulation
2. Physiologically thought to activate immune system and stimulate mechanosensitive fibers for pain reduction (think gate control)