Stalin And Russia

Question 0

What happened when Ukranian farmers, or Kulaks, refused to give up their land to Stalin?

Answer 0

Their crops were confiscated, and as a result, up to 10 million Ukranians starved to death in the 1930’s.

Question 1

What methods did stalin use to promote nationalism…?

Answer 1

• “socialism in one country” (state policy, meant that - the Soviet Union should strengthen itself internally once all communist matters had been settled)

Question 2

One of Stalin’s first acts was…?

Answer 2

• To confiscate land owned by farmers and create collective farms owned by the state.
• Those who objected were executed, and an estimated 5 million were deported to forced labour camps in Siberia or Central Asia.

Question 3

When and how did Joseph Stalin come to power?

Answer 3

When Russia, a former absolute monarchy, experienced the Russian Revolution in 1918, the czar and royal family was assassinated. This launched a civil war that brought even more suffering to ppl that had already endured hardship during WWI.
In 1928, Stalin, a communist, emerged as the country’s leader.

Question 4

What ingredients are can be used to change nationalism into ultranationalism…?

Answer 4

• Racism
• ## Fanaticism (Excessive, irrational zeal, especially in religion or politics)

Question 5

What is an authoritarian leader…?

Answer 5

A leadership style in which the leader dictates policies and procedures, decides what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any meaningful participation by the subordinates.

Question 6

Propaganda refers to info and ideas that are spread to achieve a certain goal. Propagandists often:

Answer 6

• Call their opponents names designed to arouse people’s fears and anger (terrorists, fanatics, etc.)
• Play down their own failures and defeats or use words that hide the true meaning of their actions (Referring to death camps as just “concentration camps” or calling their own wars “holy” or “just”, etc.)
• Use respected symbols to appeal to people’s values and beliefs (religious symbols, family images, or a national flag, etc.)
• Appeal to people’s fears when trying to persuade them to support particular actions (claiming that strict law and order is the only way to ensure peace and save a nation, etc.)

Question 7

What did Stalin want?

Answer 7

Stalin wanted complete government control.

Question 8

What replaced the NEP (New Economic Policy)?

Answer 8

The NEP was put in place to foster the almost ruined economy of Russia after the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922.
The complete nationalization of industry was partially revoked and a system of mixed economy was introduced, which allowed private individuals to own small enterprises while the state continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries.

The NEP was abandoned when Stalin came to power, who favoured collectivization instead as a result of the grain procurement crisis and the need to industrialize quickly.

Question 9

Stalin’s five year plans…?

Answer 9

Stalin made many 5 year economic plans. Each five-year plan dealt with all aspects of development: capital goods (those used to produce other goods, like factories and machinery), consumer goods (e.g. chairs, carpets, and irons), agriculture, transportation, communications, health, education, and welfare. However, the emphasis varied from plan to plan, although generally the emphasis was on power (electricity), capital goods, and agriculture. Because meeting the goals of the five-year plans had top priority as a measure of progress toward a communist utopia, official lying about productivity became part of the economic system. The attempt to turn an illiterate peasant society into an advanced industrial economy in a single decade brought intense suffering, but hardship was tolerated because, as one worker put it, Soviet workers believed in the need for “constant struggle, struggle, and struggle” to achieve a Communist society.

1st plan: collectivization
2nd plan: heavy industry
3rd plan: rearmament
Etc.

Question 10

What was collectivization…?

Answer 10

In Stalin's first 5 year plan, he pursued the policy of collectivization to increase the process of rapid industrialization. This included the creation of collective farms owned by the government where peasants worked cooperatively on the same land with the same equipment. 
This was intended to eliminate the kulak class of landowners and improve the efficiency of agriculture.

Question 11

What was the Red Army (KA)?

Answer 11

• The army and air force of the Soviet Union
• Also called the “Soviet Army”
• It defeated 75%-85% of the German land forces deployed in WWII
• Dissolution in 1991