Crimes Against Humanity (chp 7)

Question 0

Definition of Crimes Against Humanity…?

Answer 0

Widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape, or sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons, and the crime of apartheid

Question 1

Definition of genocide…?

Answer 1

The killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical deconstruction
(Ex. Rwandan genocide, the Holocaust, etc)

Question 2

Definition of War Crimes…?

Answer 2

Wilful killing, torture, or inhuman treatment; wilfully causing great suffering; and intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peacekeeping

Question 3

Definition of Ethnic Cleansing…?

Answer 3

A term used to make more socially acceptable the murder or expulsion of an ethnic nation from a territory

Question 4

Why is Ultranationalism a problem?

Answer 4

Ultranationalist is a problem because it can lead to racism, which makes beliefs worse as it may lead to treating people as if they are less than human

Question 5

What happened to the Jews summed up:

Answer 5

1. Segregation
2. Ghettos
3. no basic rights
4. restrict their movements
5. scapegoated (Everything is their fault)
6. deported
7. murdered

Question 6

Ultranationalist states can lead to:

Answer 6

• Ultranationalist states create policies that encourage the majority to scapegoat members of other nations
• Ultranatonalists states create policies that de-humanize the nations they are against

Question 7

Why do people go along with ultranationalist views if they don’t believe in it?

Answer 7

• Peer pressure (swing kids)

- Desire to belong to the nation/group

Question 8

4 examples and crimes against humanity from the 20th century:

Answer 8

Ex #1: The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945
• 80’000 people dead in 2 seconds
• Why did so many people die? There are 3 stages to the atomic bomb:
1. An enormous ball of fire accompanied by a shock that can level buildings
2. A bright flash accompanied by an intense heat that is 9 times the heat of the sun (0km-1km vaporized, 1km-3km melted skin and liquefied eyes)
3. Long-term effects: hair loss, purple marks on skin, and death,

Ex #2: Turkey
- State sponsored hate of the Armenians because they: wanted self-determination from the Turks, Had a different religion/cultural/linguistic understanding than than the Turks

Ex #3: Ukraine (Holodomer)

• Ruled by Russia for 150 years
• Tried for self-determination but failed
• Kulaks were wealthy farmers Stalin hated
• Kulaks asserted their independence by burning all their stuff so Stalin could not get it
• Stalin responded by deporting then and then selling their grain to foreigners
• 7 million starved to death

Ex. #4: Holocaust

Question 9

Contemporary consequences of ultranationalism…?

Answer 9

• Need for an international body to preserve peace-post WWII

- Precursor: international military tribunals

Question 10

What is the ICC?

Answer 10

• The international criminal court
• Location: the Haugue, Netherlands
• Committee established in 1948 - work would continue for 50 years before completion
• 105 countries have signed on
• China and the United States have not signed on