stalin Flashcards by P.uyen Unknown

what was some of Stalin job title?

general secretary (1922), commissar of nationalities

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what was the Lenin (1923-1925) enrollment programs?

Lenin enrolment made sure a lot more people joined the bolsheviks, those people were vetting by people under Stalin’s command (patronage)

around 500,000 people joined through this

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what was factionalism and why did it help Stalin?

banned inter party conflicts. this meant that if people try to organize actual resistance to him in the future he can just say they’re going against Lenin’s ideals

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why was Lenin important to Stalin’s rise?

didn’t fire him after the commissar of nationality fuck up (Georgian affair)
gave Stalin the position
his death set Stalin up to capitalize on his personality
realize what type of person Stalin was too late

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why was Trotsky important to Stalin’s rise to power?

failed to show up to Lenin funeral (1924)
probably had bpd
was against the NEP
also didn’t want revolution in one country

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what was Lenin last testament?

aka Stalin suck don’t let him be in charge but Lenin criticize all the politburo in it so it was hidden

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why was the NEP beneficial for Stalin?

use it to isolate his political opponent, from Kamenev and Zinoviev then to Buhkarin

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reasons for collectivization?

increased productivity
state control, weakening the kulaks
grain procurement crisis late 1920s peasant were just withholding grain or force scarcity to drive prices up
wanted to make more grain to export to help 5 year plan industrialize

to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks (prosperous peasants).

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what were some types of collective farms?

The Toz- peasant own their land but share machinery common pre 1930s

The Sovkhoz- farmer are basically workers, farm and stuff owned by the state

The Kolkhoz- all tool, land, live stock shared. get 1 acre to private farm, run by elected committee popular post 1930

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what were the shakhty trial?

53 engineer were accuse of being spies and executed

causes for the terror

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what was the dizzy with success speech?

Stalin admitting in 1930 that collectivization was kind of a mistake and maybe it was wrong but also subtly blamed others

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how many did collectivization kill?

official name is Holodomor, 6 - 9 million people died due to famines

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who was Kirov and why was he important?

he was Stalin’s friend. darling of the party. but then Stalin had him killed in 1934.

Kirov started criticizing him and also Stalin was being out shined

used this to start purging

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what were some of Stalin’s enemies’s mistakes?

Triumvirate (Stalin, Zino, Kame vs Trotsky)
Lenin’s last testiment
political views (NEP/socialism)

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what were the show trials?

trial of the 16th, 17th and 21th. Saw Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky and Bukharin accused of treason and later executed

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roughly how many people died in the purges?

10 million

what was the name of Stalin secret police?

OGPU, post 1935 = NKVD (previously Cheka) (previous PREVIOUS okhrana)

what were some factor for the terror?

control
paranoia
economic
politic

what was the gosplan?

Gosplan was the State Planning Committee of the Soviet Union, responsible for central economic planning. It was established in 1921 and ceased operations in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR. Gosplan’s primary function was to create and implement the Five-Year Plans

what was the great retreat?

Stalin backing up on many of Lenin’s social policies
notably
- marriage
- family
- women rights

what was the Komsomol?

youth group (15-18 years old)
propaganda group
kind of a way to indoctrinate the young
success for both policy and power

what was the 1936 family code?

made abortion harder
made divorce harder
get women into work

what was the name of Stalin propaganda department?

Agitprop
- radio
- schools
-news paper

what did Stalin do to the educational system?

Formal education was made very important as Stalin believed it was crucial for the Soviet Union modernising (butchered and doctored history to include him)

12 years mandatory schooling (history, literacy, science, math etc)
State give free textbooks

Emphasis on regulation because obedient soviet workers

The last 3 years of school were unpaid (claimed that it was selection of skills not class)

propaganda but like art examples?

- movies: battleship Potemkin - music: Dimitri Shostakovich made some banger patriotic music even thought stalin didn’t like him at first -literature: all praising Stalin or the party

who was trofim Lysenko?

convinced Stalin there was a way to make super crops => had Stalin's support so anyone who spoke out against him got cooked

how did health change under Stalin?

People’s commissariat of health in 1918 Number of nurses and doctor did increase Made sanatorium and also retirement homes were made But only a small fraction of worker benefitted from them Most who did were party members Infant mortality rate and death due to illness did stop (they were replaced by famine) Region hit hard by illness caused by famine were essentially left to die (resources couldn’t get there)

what was socialist realism?

the official art doctrine of the Soviet Union, mandated from 1932 to the mid-1980s, requiring artists to portray an idealized, optimistic view of Soviet life and the building of socialism

positive to working condition under Stalin

Better housing in towns and cities Improved access to healthcare and education as it was free for all Unemployment was nearly non-existent Popularity of the Stakhanovite movement Better training and wages for managers More access to skilled professions such as engineers and doctors. By 1940, the USSR had double the number of doctors per head than Britain The nomenklatura became the new ruling class. They had top government jobs More women entered the workplace. By 1940, they made up 40% of the workforce

who were the Nomenklatura:?

New class of soviet official stalin created to replace those who were purged Unquestioning loyalty to Stalin and his decisions They got to enjoy more rights and privileges than ordinary citizen 600,000 exist by the end of 1930s The more potential rival they eliminated the safer their jobs

negatives of working condition after Stalin?

Workers could not meet their production targets. This led to fines (10%), the loss of jobs and, in severe cases, arrest Wages fell from 1928 to 1937 Housing was expensive. Many lived in a komunalki. This was a communal apartment typically shared by multiple families The state expected women to continue their domestic duties and work Many minorities were deported or used as slave labour in the GULAG system

what was the Ryutin platform?

The Ryutin affair was an attempt led by Martemyan Ryutin to remove Joseph Stalin as General Secretary of the All-Union Communist Party Ryutin called "the gravedigger of the Revolution" => link to start of terror

what was the name of the type of revolution Trotsky and Lenin wanted?

permanent revolution

when did Lenin die?

1924

when was factionalism banned?

1921

what was the Rabkrin,1920?

People commissariat for worker and peasants => fail to make any real change