staining and microscopes

Question 1

Hematoxylin

Answer 1

Basic dye ( + charged), stains acidic organelles, bluish purple, DNA RNA ribosomes

Question 2

basic dyes react with what

Answer 2

phosphate groups of nucleic acids, carboxyl groups of proteins, sulfate groups of gags At ph 10 everything gets stained. at 4 only GAGS stain

Question 3

Eosin

Answer 3

acidic dye (- charged), stains basic organelles reddish pink. ex cytoplasmic proteins

Question 4

acid dyes

Answer 4

tissue density and dye aggregation can affect staining properties

Question 5

Massons Trichome

Answer 5

Basic structures stain blue, collagenous structures stain green. Used for staining supporting tissues

Question 6

giemsa stain

Answer 6

for blood smears and bone marrow aspirates, nuclei stain dark blue to violet, cytoplasm pale blue

Question 7

Toluidine Blue

Answer 7

Basic stain. Basically everything stains blue

Question 8

PAS( periodic acid-schiff reaction)

Answer 8

breaks bonds between adjacent OH containing carbons forming aldehydes O=C-H, complex carbs stain magenta including mucins from goblet cells

Question 9

Feulgen reaction

Answer 9

cleaves purines from DNA, Deoxyribose ring opens forming aldehyde groups for PAS to work. UV microscopy can be used to estimate the about of DNA present. this doesn’t work for RNA

Question 10

Azan

Answer 10

connective tissue stains blue ( collagen, mucin, bas membrane. Other components stain red nuclei muscle RBC’s)

Question 11

Silver and gold stains ( heavy metal stains)

Answer 11

stain neurons and motor end plates. appear black brown or gold

Question 12

Nissl stain ( also methylene blue)

Answer 12

Rer blue

Question 13

Osmium tetroxide (also sudane black)

Answer 13

lipids brown/black

Question 14

Van Geison

Answer 14

used for Elastin (blue/black), collagen stains red, cytoplasm yellow

Question 15

Histochemistry

Answer 15

Uses reagents which react with specific cellular components , revealing these structures within the tissues

Question 16

Enzyme Histochemistry

Answer 16

Uses techniques to make enzyme substrates or products visible within cells.

Question 17

immunocytochemistry

Answer 17

Antibodies to a specific cellular constituent. ( rabbit -anti-rat)

Question 18

Autoradiography

Answer 18

Radiolabeled precursor molecules are incorporated into cell constituentes or radiolabelled IgG can be used to tag cellular structures. Photographic emulsion is placed over the specimen and developed

Question 19

light microscopy

field diaphragm

Answer 19

used to collimate light projected through specimen.

Question 20

condenser aperture-

Answer 20

adjusts the amount of available light to focus on specimen

Question 21

condenser lens

Answer 21

focuses the light onto specimen

Question 22

objective lens

Answer 22

gathers light having passed through specimen

Question 23

objective aperture

Answer 23

used to optimize contrast, resolution

Question 24

eyepieces

Answer 24

magnify image produced by objective lens but cannot increase resolution of image

Question 25

Optical resolution

Answer 25

minimum distance between 2 objects to visualize them as 2 distinct objects Abbes equation d= .3612^/n sina