Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Histology of gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

Histology of gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the mucosa

A

Epithelium- mucus secreting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Layers of the mucosa

A

Lamina Propria-MALTS for immune survailence ( lymphocytes, plasma cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Layers of the mucosa

A

Muscularis mucosae-Causes movement of mucosa. Innervated by parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Submucosa

A

Very vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tunica muscularis

A

Smooth muscle. Inner=circular m. outer=longitudinal m. Between layers is a parasympathetic myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tunica externa

A

known as tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mucosa structure

A

stratified squamous in oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal. Stomach has secretory glands. small intestine has villi and large intestine has mucus glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

extend into lamina propria and villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tunica muscularis function

A

peristalsis which is inherent but regulated by ANS, hormones, environmental influences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Esophagus

A

upper 1/3 & lower 1/3 have seromucous glands. Upper 1/3 of tunica muscularis contains skeletal muscle, middle 1/3 is mixed, lower 1/3 is smooth muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Esophageal sphincter

A

Physiologic and involved contraction of diaphragm, Aboral peristalsis, Intra abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stomach

A

Mechanical and chemical functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscle layers in the stomach

A

innermost is oblique, inner (middle) circular, outer is longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gastric glands

A

1-7 glands that empty into lumen at a single gastric pit. Glands are straight tubular with base, neck , isthmus opening into it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parietal cells

A

Large, round , eosinophilic cytoplasm. tubulovesicular system, Short microvilli, Carbonic acid is produced in cells which dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Vesicles of tubulovesicular system may bud off into canaliculi so that HCL is produced in lumen of canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chief cells

A

basophilic cytoplasm, secrete pepsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pepsinogen

A

stored in zymogen granules and cleaves to become pepsin in low ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stem cells

A

replace all kinds of gastric cells by migrating up and down gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neuroendocrine cells

A

secrete hormones, serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pyloric region of stomach

A

mucus secreting pyloric glands to protect duodenum from low ph. Circular layer of tunica muscularis is thick which forms the pyloric sphincter

21
Q

Pyloric region of stomach

A

also has neuroendocrine cells called G-cells which secrete gastrin into the blood stream

22
Q

gastrin

A

increases secretion from parietal and chief cells and enhances gastric motility

23
Q

duodenum

A

villi becomes shorter progressing towards ileum. Brunners glands are specific to duodenum

24
Q

Brunners glands

A

contain columnar mucus- secreting cells. Secrete lysozyme, May excrete IgA from plasma cells in lamina propria

25
Q

Histopathalogy note

A

Alcian blue stains acidic mucin but does not stain alkaline mucin.

26
Q

Small intestinal villi

A

simple columnar epithelium ( enterocytes). These have up to 3000 microvilli per cell

27
Q

goblet cells in small int. villi

A

mucus secreting

28
Q

paneth cells of small int. villi

A

At base of crypts with eosinophyilic granules

29
Q

what do secreted materials do?

A

kill off pathogens which have survived the acidic environment

30
Q

other cells in small intestine

A

neuroendocrine cells, stem cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes

31
Q

Lacteal

A

lymphatic vessels of lamina propria

32
Q

brush border of microvilli

A

stains PAS-Positive due to glycocalyx

33
Q

Duodenum secretions

A

enterokinase, activates trupsin from trypsinogen in pancreas

34
Q

secretin

A

promotes secretion of pancreatic juices

35
Q

Cholycystokinin- pancreozymin (CCK)

A

promotes pancreatic secretions, stimulates gall bladder secretions

36
Q

duodenal papilla/ major duodenal papilla

A

intersection of bile duct and pancreatic duct. Entry way into duodenum

37
Q

Jejunum & Ileum

A

devoted to absorption of water and nutrients. increasing number of peyers patches and goblet cells

38
Q

protein digestion in stomach

A

Denatured by HCL, Hydrolyzed into polypeptide fragments by pepsin

39
Q

Protein digestion in small int.

A

Pancreatic enzymes, Membrane bound enterocytes, each amino acid is absorbed by a different carrier

40
Q

Carbohydrate digestion

A

Salivary and pancreatic amylase( converts starch into glucose and maltose)

41
Q

Digestion of lipids

A

fats emulsified by bile, pancreatic lipases break down triglycerides

42
Q

digestion of lipids

A

subunits are absorbed by enterocytes and reconstituted before being transfered to lymphatics via lacteals in lamina propria

43
Q

digestion of lipids

A

triglycerides in smooth ER are coated with proteins and phospholipids to form chylomicrons which are released into intercellular clefts.

44
Q

Chylomicrons

A

basically a travel vesicle for triglycerides. They are sent to the liver after they’re done

45
Q

Large intestine

A

besides H20 & electrolytes, it absorbs fat soluble vitamins produced by bacteria living in large int.

46
Q

large int. composition

A

straight tubular glands with absorptive cells, goblet cells, stem cells.

47
Q

teniae coli

A

longitudinal layer of tunica muscularis

48
Q

Anus

A

stratified squamous epithelium

Histology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions