Stages Of writing

Question 1

Barry Kroll

4 phases of child’s development

Answer 1

Preparation
Consolidation
Differentiation
Intergration

Question 2

What is preparation
Age?
Characteristics?

Answer 2

Up to 6 years old

Basic motor skills are joint with some understanding of spelling

Question 3

What is consolidation?
Age?
Characteristics?

Answer 3

7/8

Writing is similar to spoken language

Casual, colloquial register, unfinished sentences, strings of clauses joint together by and

Question 4

What is differentiation?
Age?
Characteristics?

Answer 4

Awareness of writing as seperate from speech emerges

Stronger understanding for writing for different audiences and it’s purpose becomes more automatic

Question 5

What is Intergration?
Age?
Characteristics?

Answer 5

Mid teens

‘Personal voice’ in writing, characterised by evidence of controlled writing

Appropriate linguistic choices being made consistently

Question 6

Jean Rothery

4 categories

Answer 6

Report
Recount
Narrative
Observation/ comment

Question 7

Britons 3 models of writing

Answer 7

Expressive
Poetic
Transactional

Question 8

What is expressive writing?

Answer 8

The first mode to develop because it resembles speech

Uses first person and content based usually on personal preference

Question 9

What is poetic writing

Answer 9

Developes gradually!

Phonological features such as rhyme, Rhythm and alliteration, as well as descriptive techniques such as adjectives and similes are common

Question 10

What is transactional writing?

Answer 10

Developed last around secondary school age

More impersonal in style and tone

3rd person is used to create a detached tone

Formal sentence structure and graphological features are used to signpost sections and ideas and structures tend to be chronological

Question 11

What are the 5 spelling stages

Answer 11

Pre phonetic 
Semi phonetic 
Phonetic 
Transitional 
Conventional

Question 12

What is pre phonemic spelling?

Answer 12

Imitate writing, mainly scribbles and using pretend writing, some letter shapes are decipherable

Question 13

Semi phonetic

Answer 13

Link letters shapes and sounds using this to write words

Question 14

Phonetic

Answer 14

Understand that all phonemes can be represented by graphemes, words become more complete

Question 15

Transitional

Answer 15

Combine phonetic knowledge with visual memory, an awareness of contributions of letter and letter patterns

Question 16

Conventional

Answer 16

Spell most words correctly

Question 17

7 spelling errors

Answer 17

Insertion 
Omission 
Substitution
Transposition 
Phonetic spelling 
Over/ undergeneralixation  of rules 
Salient sounds

Question 18

What is insertion

Answer 18

Adding extra letters

Question 19

What is omission

Answer 19

Leaving out letters

Question 20

Substitution

Answer 20

Substituting one letter for another

Question 21

Transposition

Answer 21

Reversing the correct order of letters in a word

Question 22

Phonetic spelling

Answer 22

Using sound awareness to guess letter and combinations of letters

Question 23

Over / under generalisation

Answer 23

Overgeneralising of a rule where it is not appropriate to apply it or under generalising it by only applying it once one specific context

Question 24

Salient sounds

Answer 24

Writing only key sounds

Question 25

7 stages of writing

Answer 25

Drawing 
Letter like forms 
Copied letters 
Child's name and string of letters 
Words 
Sentences 
Whole texts