Speaking Theorists Flashcards
Lev Vygotsky
Social development theory
> community plays a strong role in making meaning
need to interact with others to develop
private speech - when a child talks aloud to itself - independent thinking
the ZPD - range of tasks hat a child is in the process of learning to complete. The lower limit is when independent and the upper limit is wen aided from an MKO (more knowledgable other)
Jean Piaget
Sensorimotor stage:
Learn trough touching objects
The preoperational stage:
Kids learn through pretend play but struggle with logic and other points of view
The concrete operational stage:
Kids begin to think more logically, but can be very rigid at times
Formal operational stage: increased logic and inductive reasoning
Object permeance
Know an object is there even when it can not be seen
Ursula Bellugi
Stages of negative formation
Children find it difficult to use negatives correctly at first and learn forms of the negative in 3 stages from ‘no’ to ‘don’t’ through to “am not”
John Dore
Language functions:
Labelling: naming a person, object or thing
Repeating: repeating an adults utterance
Answering: responding to another speakers utterance
Requesting action :Asking for something to be done for them
Calling: getting attention by shouting
Greeting: greeting someone or something
Protesting: objecting to requests from others
Practising: using language when no adult is present
Jeremy Bruner
LASS
Caregiver supports child through encouraging their child to respond for example by asking questions
Eric lennenberg
Critical period hypothesis
- A child will not learn language if they haven’t before puberty
- If people have a problem such as having a stroke it will effect this
- This has many issues because it is subjective when puberty status in people & there are biological innate in everyone
Skinner
Positive reinforcement
If children are rewarded for saying the correct utterance they would take this word to being rewarded and will therefore remember it better
Naom Chomsky
Nativist theory
We were born knowing we were to learn a language. One major issue is that it doesn’t taken into account that parents will correct their child
Michael Halliday
Hallidays functions of speech
Instrumental
Fulfil a need e.g want milk
Regulatory:
Influence the behaviour of others e.g pick up
Interactional
Develop and maintain social relationships e.g love you
Personal
Convert opinions and personal identity e.g me like Charlie and Lola
Representational
Convey facts and information e.g it’s hot
Imaginative
Create and imaginary world that will be seen in okay prodominantly e.g me shopkeeper
Heuristic
Learn about the environment
E.g “wassat”
Katherine Neslen
Four categories for first word:
> naming things or people
actions / events
describing / modifying things
personal / social words
> 60% of first words = noun (names)
verbs form second
modifiers 3rd
personal / social words make up 8%
