Speaking Flashcards
Cooing
- Comfort sounds and vocal play using open mouthed vowel sounds
- 4-7 months
- Grunts and sighs, pitch and loudness practice and laughter starts
Babbling
- Repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds
- 6-12 months
- Sounds linking to own language,
Reduplicating sounds
Proto words
- Words like vocalisations not matching actual words but used consistently for the same meaning
- 9-12 months
One word/ holophrastic
- One word utterances
- 12-18 months
- Mama, dada, car
Telegraphic
- Three and more words combined
- 24-36 months
- Functions words obtained while content words retained
- Begin to use questions, negatives and pronouns
Two word
- Two word combinations
2. 18-24 months
Post telegraphic
- More grammatically complex combinations
2. 36+ months
Plosives
Created when the airflow is blocked for a brief time
Affricatives
Created by putting plosives and fricatives together
Nasals
Produced by air moving trough the nose
Fricatives
Created when the airflow is blocked only partially and air moves through the mouth in a steady stream
Stop constants
Similar sound to vowels
Laterals
Created when placing the tongue on the ridge of the teeth
Vegetative
- Sounds of discomfort or reflexive actions
- 0-4 months
- Includes coughing crying and sucking
Overextension
Where words used to label something is stretched to things normally outside the meaning
Under extension
Where words are given narrower definitions than they really have e.g saying duck for and fluffy cartoon
3 types of overextension
Categorical
Apple for all round fruits
Analogical
Ball for all round fruits
Mismatch
Look at empty pond and say duck
Positive face
Where am individual seeks social approval and being included
Negative face
Where am individual expresses their right to be on their own and make their own decisions
What are these words?
Motherese
Parentese
Baby talk
All ways adults can talk to their child
Features of CDs
- Repetition
- Higher pitch
- Child’s name rather than a pronoun
- Present tense
- One word utterances
- Fewer verbs / modifiers
- Concrete nouns
- Yes / no questioning
- Exaggerated pauses
- Expansions (rephrase child’s sentence so that it’s correct)
- Recasts take a word a child days and expand it
Expansions
Take a word a child says and expand it
Recasts
Correct a child sentence that is incorrect
Deletion?
Omitting the final consonant in a word e.g do(g) Cu(p)
Substitution
Substituting one sound for another
Addition
Adding an extra vowel to the end of the word e.g doggie
Assimilation
Changing one consonant or vowel for another e.g ‘gog’ for ‘dog’
Reduplication
Repeating a whole sylaballe
Consonant cluster reduction
Reduce to smaller units e.g pider for spider
Deletion of unstressed sylaballe’s
Omitting the opening sylaballe in polysyllabic words e.g Nana for banana
