stages of research- sampling

Question 1

what is the first stage of research design?

Answer 1

formulating an aim or hypothesis

Question 2

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 2

it is a possible explaination that can be tested by collecting evidence to prove it to be true or false

Question 3

what is an advantage of a hypothesis?

Answer 3

gives a direct focus to the research

Question 4

what does aim mean?

Answer 4

more general and idetifies what we intend to study and hope to achieve through the research

Question 5

what type of methodist are more likely to have a hypothesis?

Answer 5

positivists

Question 6

what type of methodist are more likely to use an aim?

Answer 6

interpretevist

Question 7

what is the second stage of research design?what does choice of method depend on?

Answer 7

choicing a method,practical, ethical and theoretical factors

Question 8

what is the third stage in research design?and who are these?

Answer 8

research population which is the group that is going to be studied

Question 9

what is forth stage of research design?what does this mean?

Answer 9

the researcher would have to operationalising concepts,this means translating concepts/terms into something that can be measured

Question 10

what does positivists thing about operationalising concepts?

Answer 10

emphasis’s the impotance of it to take place on creating and testing a hypothesis

Question 11

what is the intrepretivist view on operationalising concepts?

Answer 11

put less emphasis on it as they are more interested in the persons own definition and understanding

Question 12

what is sampling?

Answer 12

taking a group of people that will be involved in the researcher’s study

Question 13

what are the 4 types of sample?

Answer 13

target/reseacrh population, sampling frame, sampling method and sample

Question 14

what is target/ research sample?

Answer 14

members of a group the reseacrher wants to study

Question 15

what is sampling frame?

Answer 15

the list of people in which the sample is drawn

Question 16

what is sampling method?

Answer 16

the method by which they will select there participants

Question 17

what is sample?

Answer 17

the actual participant that will be used in the research

Question 18

Name 6 sampling methods?

Answer 18

random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, voulunteer sampling,snowball sampling, opportunity sampling

Question 19

What is random sampling?example?

Answer 19

where everyone has an equal chance of being choosen at random,like drawing names from a hat

Question 20

what is an issue with random sampling A03?

Answer 20

might not be fully representative of all groups as its chosen at random,e.g there could be too many male or females

Question 21

What is a stratisfied random sample?example?

Answer 21

getting the right proportion of different groups by splitting the process. e.g if you want 50:50 males to females you select select the males from a males list and an equal number from a female list

Question 22

Ao3 Strength of stratified random sampling?and weakness?

Answer 22

.strength-would increase the representitiveness

weakness=you would need to know about the survey population in order to split them into sub-groups

Question 23

What is systematic sampling?example

Answer 23

where every nth number in the sample frame is selected, for example young and willmott used 36th name on the electoral register for their sample

Question 24

A03 of systematic sampling?

Answer 24

may not get the sample that is needed for your research for example could be all female when you need males

Question 25

What is volunteer sampling?example

Answer 25

Involves participants selecting themselves to be part of the sample ususally in response to the researcher’s advert, example-milgram got volunteers for thier study from through adverts

Question 26

AO3 for volunteer sampling?

Answer 26

this may only attract a specific group of people like confident or people who have taking a liking to the research so it lacks reprsentativeness

Question 27

What is snowball sampling?

Answer 27

the researcher finds someone to take part in the research then asks them to tell someone else and so on

Question 28

an example of snowball sampling?

Answer 28

taylar who studied professional criminals used this to conduct their reaserch

Question 29

A03 for snowball sampling?

Answer 29

lacks represetativeness as participants will have similar charcteristics to one another which makes the sample narrow

Question 30

what is oppotunity sampling? an example?

Answer 30

choosing from individuals who are the easiest to access, e.g selecting passers by the street or at someones place of work or friend group

Question 31

A03 for opportunity sampling?

Answer 31

lack representitavness as they are already organised into a group which can be biased

Question 32

what is a practical reason it may not be possible to get representative sample?

Answer 32

to find or create a sample frame can be impossible and social characteristics of the research population may not be known

Question 33

what is a theoretical reason why it may not be possible to get a representative sample?

Answer 33

interpretivist believe it is more important to obtain a valid data than an authentic one.

Question 34

what is a polite study and what are its benefits?

Answer 34

a scaled down test run of a study to iron out any issues, it can help identify errors or weaknessess

Question 35

an example of a polite study?

Answer 35

willmott and young check the questions of their questionares with 100 participants to check the study