stages of research- sampling Flashcards
what is the first stage of research design?
formulating an aim or hypothesis
what is a hypothesis?
it is a possible explaination that can be tested by collecting evidence to prove it to be true or false
what is an advantage of a hypothesis?
gives a direct focus to the research
what does aim mean?
more general and idetifies what we intend to study and hope to achieve through the research
what type of methodist are more likely to have a hypothesis?
positivists
what type of methodist are more likely to use an aim?
interpretevist
what is the second stage of research design?what does choice of method depend on?
choicing a method,practical, ethical and theoretical factors
what is the third stage in research design?and who are these?
research population which is the group that is going to be studied
what is forth stage of research design?what does this mean?
the researcher would have to operationalising concepts,this means translating concepts/terms into something that can be measured
what does positivists thing about operationalising concepts?
emphasis’s the impotance of it to take place on creating and testing a hypothesis
what is the intrepretivist view on operationalising concepts?
put less emphasis on it as they are more interested in the persons own definition and understanding
what is sampling?
taking a group of people that will be involved in the researcher’s study
what are the 4 types of sample?
target/reseacrh population, sampling frame, sampling method and sample
what is target/ research sample?
members of a group the reseacrher wants to study
what is sampling frame?
the list of people in which the sample is drawn
what is sampling method?
the method by which they will select there participants
what is sample?
the actual participant that will be used in the research
Name 6 sampling methods?
random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, voulunteer sampling,snowball sampling, opportunity sampling
What is random sampling?example?
where everyone has an equal chance of being choosen at random,like drawing names from a hat
what is an issue with random sampling A03?
might not be fully representative of all groups as its chosen at random,e.g there could be too many male or females
What is a stratisfied random sample?example?
getting the right proportion of different groups by splitting the process. e.g if you want 50:50 males to females you select select the males from a males list and an equal number from a female list
Ao3 Strength of stratified random sampling?and weakness?
.strength-would increase the representitiveness
weakness=you would need to know about the survey population in order to split them into sub-groups
What is systematic sampling?example
where every nth number in the sample frame is selected, for example young and willmott used 36th name on the electoral register for their sample
A03 of systematic sampling?
may not get the sample that is needed for your research for example could be all female when you need males
What is volunteer sampling?example
Involves participants selecting themselves to be part of the sample ususally in response to the researcher’s advert, example-milgram got volunteers for thier study from through adverts
AO3 for volunteer sampling?
this may only attract a specific group of people like confident or people who have taking a liking to the research so it lacks reprsentativeness
What is snowball sampling?
the researcher finds someone to take part in the research then asks them to tell someone else and so on
an example of snowball sampling?
taylar who studied professional criminals used this to conduct their reaserch
A03 for snowball sampling?
lacks represetativeness as participants will have similar charcteristics to one another which makes the sample narrow
what is oppotunity sampling? an example?
choosing from individuals who are the easiest to access, e.g selecting passers by the street or at someones place of work or friend group
A03 for opportunity sampling?
lack representitavness as they are already organised into a group which can be biased
what is a practical reason it may not be possible to get representative sample?
to find or create a sample frame can be impossible and social characteristics of the research population may not be known
what is a theoretical reason why it may not be possible to get a representative sample?
interpretivist believe it is more important to obtain a valid data than an authentic one.
what is a polite study and what are its benefits?
a scaled down test run of a study to iron out any issues, it can help identify errors or weaknessess
an example of a polite study?
willmott and young check the questions of their questionares with 100 participants to check the study
