Stages of Development and Tasks

Question 1

What are Havighurst’s six major stages

Answer 1

Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)
middle childhood (6-12 years)
adolescence (13-18 years)
early adulthood (19-29 years)
middle adulthood (30-60 years)
later maturity (61+)

Question 2

Who said - ““arises at a certain period in our life,
the successful achievement of which leads to
happiness and success with later tasks while
failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval,
and difficulty with later tasks”

Answer 2

Robert Havighurst (1972)

Question 3

What are Santrock’s eight major stages

Answer 3

Prenatal period (from conception to birth)
Infancy (from birth to 18-24 months)
Early childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years,
Grade 1)
Middle and late childhood (6-11 years of age,
elementary school years)
Adolescence (10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22
years of age)
Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s
lasting through the 30s)
Middle adulthood (40 to 60 years of age)
Late adulthood (60s and above)

Question 4

It involves tremendous growth – from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities.

Answer 4

Prenatal period (from conception to birth)

Question 5

A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many psychological activities are just beginning – language, symbolic thought, sensory motor coordination and social learning.

Answer 5

Infancy (from birth to 18-24 months)

Question 6

These are the preschool years. Young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend many hours in play with peers.

Answer 6

Early childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years,
Grade 1)

Question 7

The fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture. Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child’s world and self-control increases.

Answer 7

Middle and late childhood (6-11 years of age,
elementary school years)

Question 8

Begins with rapid physical changes – dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of the breasts, development of pubic and facial hair, and deepening of the voice. Pursuit of independence and identity are prominent. Thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More time is spent outside of the family.

Answer 8

Adolescence (10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22
years of age)

Question 9

It is the time of establishing personal and economic
independence, career development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family and rearing children.

Answer 9

Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s
lasting through the 30s)

Question 10

It is a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals; and of reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.

Answer 10

Middle adulthood (40 to 60 years of age)

Question 11

It is a time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health,
life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.

Answer 11

Late adulthood (60s and above)