stages of child development Flashcards
what age is a pre-school child?
2 years old
what cooperation stage do 2 year olds come under?
pre-cooperative
describe the behaviour of 2 year old pre school child?
- dependent on parent
-default to cry (hunger, tired, separation anxiety)
-poor concentration and sitting still
-time issues
what is important for two year olds?
parental support and oral health education
what cooperation stage is a 3 year old?
pre-cooperative
describe the behaviour of 3 year olds?
-some verbal skills- more understanding
-mimic adult behaviour
-respond well to colourful, descriptive stories
-time issues
what cooperation stage is a 4 year old?
potentially cooperative
describe the behaviour of 4 year olds?
-more communication and interaction
-test boundaries- e.g want to do it themselves
children with dental anxieties fall into which age group?
4 year olds
what word best describes the average school child?
egocentric
describe the behaviour of school children?
-more independent-less parental support
-better communication and interaction
-respond well to praise and flattery
-love to show off possessions
describe the behaviour of 7 year olds?
can separate what is important and not important to them
at what age can children physically brush their own teeth?
7 years old
describe the behaviour of adolescents?
-more independent
-major hormonal and physical changes
-sensitive to comments
-live for the day not the future
-difficulty motivating
-can deal with cause and effect of health
what are some tactics for 2 year olds?
-short appts
-avoid yes/no answers
-invite parent in
-focus on child
-no sudden movements or working behind
what are some tactics for 3 year olds?
-arouse curiosity
-keep control of helping hands
-positive attitude
what are some tactics for 4 year olds?
-explain simple procedure- e.g suction
-keep control
-avoid delays
what are some tactics for 5-8 year olds?
- compliments- talk about personal items
-appeal to vanity- clean tooth and fill with shiny star
-give praise
-focus on child
-practice procedures and teach stop signals
what can change the reactions of developmental stages?
introvert and extrovert
what is out of character behaviour symptomatic of?
anxiety
what kind of children will take longer to adapt?
clingy children
what is the locus of control?
describes the extent to which you feel in control to the outcome of life events
what are the two types of locus of control?
internal and external
describe the internal locus of control
they control what happens to them- are responsible for their own health
describe the external locus of control
what happens to them is out of their control- put down to chance and personal input won’t change anything
what locus of control group need more motivation?
external- as they leave health up to fate
what kind of treatment details would you give internal locus children?
specific- will give feeling of expectation and sense of control over procedures
what kind of treatment detail would you give external locus children?
an outline of procedure- details can cause anxiety
what is trait anxiety?
consistent anxiety that is part of personality trait- not in response to a stressful situation
will trait anxiety get more nervous during operative appointments?
no- trait anxiety is stable- exam appt and operative appt cause same anxiety
what can influence behaviour anxiety and stages of development?
personality (internal and external) and trait anxiety
how do you communicate with children?
-inform parents and children
-make child centre of attention
-watch tone of voice- young
-avoid long explanations- older
how do you communicate well with patients?
-listen to their concerns
-respect their decisions
-relieve feelings of guilt
-encourage positive health promoting behaviour
-encourage parents to encourage Childs co-operative behaviour
-explain procedures-no jargon
-discuss treatment options without bias
what are 6 aspects of verbal communication?
-jargon
-level
-listening
-retention
-distortion
-tone
how does jargon affect communication?
-may talk jargon if anxious
-can increase anxiety and misunderstanding if don’t understand
how does level affect communication?
-adults and children are different levels
-difficult to speak on same level to both
-parents will understand you’re trying to communicate with child
-use words appropriate to level
-can cause anxiety and confusion if wrong level
how does listening affect communication?
-we listen at 25% of our potential
-listening decreases if anxious
-give information prior to appt
how does retention affect communication?
-we retain 50% of information 5 mins after leaving surgery
-write information down for future reference
how does distortion affect communication?
-what you’re saying may be perceived as something else eg. sugar free and reduced sugar
-write down key messages to avoid misinterpretation
how does tone of voice affect communication?
soft, calm and reassuring voice is better for children and anxious patients
give examples of choosing right words for dental equipment
slow handpiece- buzzy bee
prophylaxis- electric t.b
injection-freeze
suction-hoover
rubber dam-raincoat
FS- tooth paint
what forms are non-verbal communication?
eyes- contact
face
posture- avoid back lean/arms crossed
body contact
what should you avoid regarding non verbal communication?
-invading personal space
-sitting behind whilst chatting
what are the two steps to have success with patients?
1- gain rapport- eye contact and make them smile
2-give control- raise hand to tell me to stop
what are specific techniques for patient management?
-tell show do
-rewards
-distracting- wiggle feet
-breathing
-positive
describe dental environment that’s good for children?
-child height posters
-stickers
-toys -childrens corner
-child friendly colours
-friendly staff
-coloured glasses
-pin board for drawings
-puppets
