childhood diseases Flashcards
what virus causes chicken pox?
varicella-zoster virus
what are the symptoms of chicken pox?
-rash of vesicles, papulues, pustules and scabs.
what are the systemic symptoms of chicken pox?
-fever
-malaise
-cervical lymphadenitis
can chicken pox cause oral lesions?
yes- may cause yellow/grey ulcers
what is a complication of chicken pox?
-those who have had chicken pox can develop a different disease in adults caused by the same virus- shingles.
what is shingles associated with?
immunodeficiency and can affect trigeminal nerve in the long term.
what are the symptoms of shingles?
-pain
-unilateral rash- vesicles that become scabs
what are the dental implications of shingles?
mandibular zoster
-can cause ipsilateral mouth ulcers on buccal and lingual mucosa
maxillary zoster
-can cause ipsilateral mouth ulcers on palate and vestibule
what is a rare complication of shingles?
Ramsay hunt syndrome
-facial palsy
-ear rash
-ipsilateral ulcers on soft palate
what is the tx for shingles?
-analgesics
-aciclovir
what oral disease can result from herpes simplex virus?
primary herpatic gingivostomatitis
what are the features of gingivostomatitis?
-painful oedema and erthyma of gingivae
-tiny vesicles on perioral skin, vermillion border and mucosa
what systemic symptoms can gingivostomatitis cause?
-fever
-malaise
-cervical lymphadenopathy
what can gingivostomatitis be mistaken for?
teething- common in age 6 month-6 years
what are the complications of gingivostomatitis?
-intra oral ulceration
-herpetic whitlow
-eye infections
-herpes labialis
what virus causes HFAMD?
coxackie virus
what does HFAMD cause?
painful ulcers and vesicles in mouth and on hands and feet
what are complications of HFAMD?
inflammation of brain and heart (encephalitis and myocarditis)
what is mumps?
viral infection of the salivary glands caused by mumps virus
what does mumps cause?
painful bilateral swelling of the parotid glands
what is measles?
viral infection causes systemic symptoms and skin rash
what are the clinical features of measles?
-koplik white/grey oral spots
-small red macules’s with white necrotic centres
what is rubella?
highly infectious disease causing rash on face, behind ears, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
what is the danger of rubella?
it can seriously damage or kill the foetus
what causes herpangina?
a coxackie virus
what characterises herpangina?
vesicles on soft palate
what are the symptoms of herpangina?
-fever
-malaise
-sore throat
-trouble swallowing
what can febrile illness cause?
enamel hypoplasia
what is enamel hypoplasia?
incomplete or defective formation of enamel- altering form and tooth colour
why does enamel hypoplasia result?
due to disturbance or damage to ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation
what is the most sensitive cell groups in the body?
ameloblasts
what teeth can enamel hypoplasia affect?
primary or permanent- but only those developing at the time of illness
give examples of illnesses that can lead to hypoplasia.
-measles
-chickenpox
what does enamel hypoplasia look like on the tooth?
horizontal rows of pits on the tooth surface- most affected are permanent incisors and 1st molars
what affects the severity of hypoplasia?
the extent of ameloblast damage/destruction
