childhood diseases

Question 1

what virus causes chicken pox?

Answer 1

varicella-zoster virus

Question 2

what are the symptoms of chicken pox?

Answer 2

-rash of vesicles, papulues, pustules and scabs.

Question 3

what are the systemic symptoms of chicken pox?

Answer 3

-fever
-malaise
-cervical lymphadenitis

Question 4

can chicken pox cause oral lesions?

Answer 4

yes- may cause yellow/grey ulcers

Question 5

what is a complication of chicken pox?

Answer 5

-those who have had chicken pox can develop a different disease in adults caused by the same virus- shingles.

Question 6

what is shingles associated with?

Answer 6

immunodeficiency and can affect trigeminal nerve in the long term.

Question 7

what are the symptoms of shingles?

Answer 7

-pain
-unilateral rash- vesicles that become scabs

Question 8

what are the dental implications of shingles?

Answer 8

mandibular zoster
-can cause ipsilateral mouth ulcers on buccal and lingual mucosa

maxillary zoster
-can cause ipsilateral mouth ulcers on palate and vestibule

Question 9

what is a rare complication of shingles?

Answer 9

Ramsay hunt syndrome
-facial palsy
-ear rash
-ipsilateral ulcers on soft palate

Question 10

what is the tx for shingles?

Answer 10

-analgesics
-aciclovir

Question 11

what oral disease can result from herpes simplex virus?

Answer 11

primary herpatic gingivostomatitis

Question 12

what are the features of gingivostomatitis?

Answer 12

-painful oedema and erthyma of gingivae

-tiny vesicles on perioral skin, vermillion border and mucosa

Question 13

what systemic symptoms can gingivostomatitis cause?

Answer 13

-fever
-malaise
-cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 14

what can gingivostomatitis be mistaken for?

Answer 14

teething- common in age 6 month-6 years

Question 15

what are the complications of gingivostomatitis?

Answer 15

-intra oral ulceration
-herpetic whitlow
-eye infections
-herpes labialis

Question 16

what virus causes HFAMD?

Answer 16

coxackie virus

Question 17

what does HFAMD cause?

Answer 17

painful ulcers and vesicles in mouth and on hands and feet

Question 18

what are complications of HFAMD?

Answer 18

inflammation of brain and heart (encephalitis and myocarditis)

Question 19

what is mumps?

Answer 19

viral infection of the salivary glands caused by mumps virus

Question 20

what does mumps cause?

Answer 20

painful bilateral swelling of the parotid glands

Question 21

what is measles?

Answer 21

viral infection causes systemic symptoms and skin rash

Question 22

what are the clinical features of measles?

Answer 22

-koplik white/grey oral spots
-small red macules’s with white necrotic centres

Question 23

what is rubella?

Answer 23

highly infectious disease causing rash on face, behind ears, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes

Question 24

what is the danger of rubella?

Answer 24

it can seriously damage or kill the foetus

Question 25

what causes herpangina?

Answer 25

a coxackie virus

Question 26

what characterises herpangina?

Answer 26

vesicles on soft palate

Question 27

what are the symptoms of herpangina?

Answer 27

-fever
-malaise
-sore throat
-trouble swallowing

Question 28

what can febrile illness cause?

Answer 28

enamel hypoplasia

Question 29

what is enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 29

incomplete or defective formation of enamel- altering form and tooth colour

Question 30

why does enamel hypoplasia result?

Answer 30

due to disturbance or damage to ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation

Question 31

what is the most sensitive cell groups in the body?

Answer 31

ameloblasts

Question 32

what teeth can enamel hypoplasia affect?

Answer 32

primary or permanent- but only those developing at the time of illness

Question 33

give examples of illnesses that can lead to hypoplasia.

Answer 33

-measles
-chickenpox

Question 34

what does enamel hypoplasia look like on the tooth?

Answer 34

horizontal rows of pits on the tooth surface- most affected are permanent incisors and 1st molars

Question 35

what affects the severity of hypoplasia?

Answer 35

the extent of ameloblast damage/destruction