Stages in the acquisition of language

Question 1

PRELINGUISTIC
Early phonology

Answer 1

Perception and categorization of phonemes: during first year of life
- Perception of words ( segmentation problem: when the the next word
- Isolated word hypothesis, prosodic bootstrapping hypothesis (pay attention to prosodic features), metrical segmentation system hypothesis (assuming stressed syllables are the beginning of words) and Statistical learning hypothesis (noticing patterns in complex stimuli

Question 2

PRELINGUISTIC
Early production

Answer 2

0-6 m: crying
6-9/12: reduplicated babbling, variegated babbling

Question 3

STAGES OF LINGUISTIC SPEECH
Holographic stage

Answer 3

10/12- 18 months
- one-word sentences
- refer to present things
- imitation of words
- ‘Fis’ phenomenon: understand much more before they can produce

Question 4

STAGES OF LINGUISTIC SPEECH
First word combinations

Answer 4

18-24 months
- two-word sentences
-gradual emergence

Question 5

STAGES OF LINGUISTIC SPEECH
Telegraphic speech

Answer 5

2-3 years
short sentences of 3-5 words that are incomplete

Question 6

LINGUISTIC
Lexical development

Strategies for poverty of stimulus:

Answer 6

• innate categories, universal grammar
• whole-object bias: treat novel words as labels for whole objects
• treat new labels as names for basic level categories
• overextension: new labels for physically similar objects
• mutual exclusivity: assumption two words can’t have exactly the same meaning
• principle of contrast: two labels can’t apply to the same object, if they do, there should be some difference in meaning