Stage of Cognitive Development Flashcards
The concept of a fixed sequence or order of stages
Ordinality
The start of development according to Piaget’s theory
Innate Reflex
The stage where the infant gains knowledge and obtains physical experience with the environment. The infant uses his/her senses to experience.
Sensorimotor stage
The capacity to think out an action before representing it.
Mental Invention
The capability to copy behaviors begins with behaviors that are already part of the child’s repertoire.
Imitation
The type of imitation that displays novelity like “I want to be like a fire fighter”
Deferred Imitation
The stage that extends roughly from four to seven years of age.
Preoperational Stage
Refers to actions based on logical thinking
Operation
Refers to actions based on illogical thinking
Preoperational
The process whereby children learn to create their own symbols and to use existing symbol systems to represent and operate on the environment.
The hallmark of the pre-operation stage.
Symbolic representation.
The tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time.
Perceptual Centration
Refers to a person’s inability to mentally reverse actions.
Irreversability
Refers to children’s assumption that everyone’s experience of the world is the same as their own.
Egocentrism.
Another form of egocentrism. The phenomenon of children talking in groups without having a conversation.
Collective Monologue
The first stage of operational or logical thought in which schemata allow students to realize that there is stability in the physical world and that reasoning about the physical world can proceed logically.
Concrete-operational stage
Two hallmarks of concrete operational thought.
Reversibility and decentration
The ability to mentally reverse events, such as the steps in the amount-of-water problem. Students at this stage can imagine the results of pouring the water back and forth between containers of different shapes and sizes.
Reversibility
Another property of logical thought wherein elements of a whole can be associated in various ways without changing the total.
Conservation
Another property of logical thought added by Lavatelli. The child can mentally cancel our effects of any operation by combining it with its opposite.
Identity
The final stage of Piaget’s Theory - begins roughly around eleven or twelve years of age.
Formal Operation
The hallmark of the formal operations stage. The ability to think logically about intangibles.
Abstract reasoning
Importance of Piaget’s theory
Tells us how students understand and interact with their environment.
Children at different stages of development think differently.
Approximate Age of Sensorimotor Stage
0-2 years old
Approximate Age of Pre-operations
2-7 years old
Approximate Age of Concrete Operations Stage
7-11 years old
Approximate Age of Formal Operations Stage
11 - adult
Refers to an area in which a child has trouble solving a problem alone, but can succeed with help from someone more knowledgeable.
Zone of proximal development
Vygotsky’s Social Interaction Theory
Interaction with children can influence the children’s cognitive development.
A theoretical perspective that has been derived not from the work of one individual but from a school of thought.
Information processing
Four ways in which attentions changes
- Control attention
- Match task demands
- Plan
- Monitor
