Stage 3 check

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

Lack of oxygen

Question 2

Symptoms of Hypoxia

Answer 2

■ Euphoria
■ Headache
■ Slower reaction time
■ Impaired judgement

Question 3

4 Types of Hypoxia

Answer 3

Hypoxic
Hypemic
Stagnant
Histotoxic

Question 4

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 4

Lack of oxygen due to atmospheric conditions

Example: High altitudes where air is thinner

Question 5

Hypemic Hypoxia

Answer 5

Inability to carry oxygen in blood cells - CO2

Example: Anemia, disease, blood loss, deformed blood cells, or CO poisoning

Question 6

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 6

Oxygen deficiency due to poor circulation of blood
Example: Pulling excessive G’s

Question 7

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 7

Inability for body to use the oxygen
Example: Drugs, alcohol

Question 8

Oxygen Requirements
(91.211)

Answer 8

■ Required for crew when flying between 12500’ - 14000’ MSL for >30 minutes

■ Mandatory for crew when flying above 14000’ MSL

■ Mandatory for crew and all passengers must be provided above 15000’ MSL

Question 9

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
Symptoms

Answer 9

■ Headache
■ Dizziness
■ Drowsiness
■ Confusion
■ Vomiting
■ Incapacitation
■ Convulsions

Question 10

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
Cause

Answer 10

■ Cabin heater

● Many piston aircraft heat the cabin by air flowing over the manifold
● Exhaust escaping through crack in manifold or seals allow exhaust fumes to mix with air and enter cabin

Question 11

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
Resolution

Answer 11

■ Turn heater off
■ Open windows
■ Tell ATC you suspect CO poisoning
● Declare emergency
■ Land as soon as possible

Question 12

Hyperventilation
Causes

Answer 12

■ Stress
■ Panic
■ Anxiety

Question 13

Hyperventilation
Symptoms

Answer 13

■ Lightheadedness
■ Nausea
■ Suffocation
■ Tingling in extremities
■ Rapid pulse and breathing rate

Question 14

Hyperventilation
Resolution

Answer 14

■ Talking loudly
■ Singing
■ Controlled breathing into a bag
■ Remove cause of stress/anxiety

Question 15

What is hyperventilation

Answer 15

○ Rapid breathing/abnormal volume of air breathed in and out of lungs
○ Results in decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) content in blood

Question 16

Sinus Block

Answer 16

○ Sinuses are most often affected by pressure changes ○ Air pressure in sinuses equalize through small openings in the nasal passages during altitude changes
○ Upper respiratory infections such as cold can produce enough congestion to slow equalization
■ The difference in pressure from sinuses eventually plug the opening
○ Sinus block most occurs most often in descents

Question 17

Altitude Decompression Sickness

Answer 17

Pilots or passengers who intend to fly after scuba diving should allow enough time
to rid themselves of excess nitrogen buildup

Question 18

Altitude Decompression Sickness
Recommended Waiting Times

Answer 18

■ Uncontrolled Ascent
● 12 hours for flights up to 8000’ MSL
● 24 hours for flights above 8000’ MSL

■ Controlled Ascent
● 24 hours for flights at any altitude

Question 19

Hazardous Attitudes

Answer 19

Anti-Authority
Impulsivity
Invulnerability
Macho
Resignation

Question 20

Nighttime
Lights Required

Answer 20

Sunset to sunrise

Question 21

Nighttime
Logging Night

Answer 21

Civil twilight (~30 minutes after sunset/before sunrise)

Question 22

Nighttime
Currency

Answer 22

3 takeoffs/landings to full stop 1 hour after sunset/before sunrise

Question 23

Left Turning Tendencies

Answer 23

Torque
Spiraling slipstream
Gyroscopic precession
P-Factor

Question 24

Left Turning Tendencies
Torque

Answer 24

■ Force that causes an opposite reaction
■ Propeller spins clockwise, airplane wants to spin counterclockwise

Question 25

Left Turning Tendencies
Spiraling Slipstream

Answer 25

Prop creates spiral of air that rotates around fuselage and hits the left side of tail, causing aircraft to yaw left

Question 26

Left Turning Tendencies (R)
Gyroscopic Precession

Answer 26

■ A force applied is manifested 90 degrees ahead of the direction of rotation

■ This example is more drastic in tailwheel aircraft but still applies to tricycle
gear.
● Picture yourself in the pilot seat. As you accelerate, the tail rises upon
takeoff. It is like someone is pushing at the top of the prop. Due to
gyroscopic precession, the force results in being 90 degrees ahead, or
on the right side of the prop, thus pushing the nose left.

Question 27

P-Factor

Answer 27

■ In straight and level, both blades of prop have equal AoA ■ When in climb/descent, one blade has higher AoA than other, creating more lift to one side, thus yawing to that side

Question 28

ADM

Answer 28

Aeronautical decision making
Limiting human error
Pilot
Aircraft
enVironment
External pressures

Question 29

Risk management
Pilot

Answer 29

IMSAFE

Question 30

Risk management
Aircraft

Answer 30

ARROWPDC
AAVIATE

Question 31

Risk management
Environment

Answer 31

NWKRAFT