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Classics > Stage 14 > Flashcards

Stage 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Before the Roman invasion, how did Britons live?

A

In tribes ruled by kings or queens

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2
Q

What was a chieftain?

A

Wealthy land owner who owed his loyalty to a king of queen

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3
Q

Most chieftans maintained a band of warriors. How did they practice?

A

Hunted wild animals and raiding settlements belonging to other tribes.

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4
Q

When were chieftans in power?

A

Before the Roman invasion

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5
Q

Before the Roman invasion, did families own slaves?

A

Yes, but not very many.

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6
Q

Before the Roman invasion how was religion controlled?

A

By the druids

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7
Q

Did the druids like the Romans?

A

No way. They encouraged the Britons to be fierce fighters and they opposed the Roman rule.

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8
Q

Who were the druids?

A

Powerful priests who acted as judges in disputes and worshipped the Gods.

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9
Q

Where did the druids worship the gods?

A

In sacred woodlands during ceremonies which could include human sacrifice.

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10
Q

Who was the first Roman general to lead his soldiers into Britain?

A

Julius Caesar

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11
Q

What did Julius Caesar say of the people and the land of Britain?

A

Inhabitants were fierce warriors living on good agricultural and pastoral land. Country was rich in timber and minerals and the people were skilled in farming, pottery and working with bronze and iron.

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12
Q

When did Julius Caesar visit Britain?

A

BC 55

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13
Q

Why did Julius Caesar not launch a military attack on Britain?

A

His attentions were taken up by wars elsewhere:
Fighting the Gauls
Fighting with his own Roman government
Wasn’t sure whether it was worth the effort of a major conflict

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14
Q

How many years after first visiting Britain was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A

10 years

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15
Q

Who was the first ever Roman emperor

A

Julius Caesar’s great nephew, Augustus

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16
Q

Did Augustus and his successor invade Britain?

A

No they didn’t think it was worth invading

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17
Q

Which Emperor was first to actually invade Britain?

A

Emperor Claudius

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18
Q

When did emperor Claudius invade Britain?

A

AD 43

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19
Q

Why did emperor Claudius decide to invade Britain the AD43?

A
  1. He had better information about how prosperous Britain was
  2. He needed a victory to make him look good in Rome
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20
Q

Why did Emperor Claudius need military success?

A

For his own prestige

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21
Q

Did Claudius lead the invasion into Britain?

A

No, Claudius did not lead - he followed

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22
Q

How many days did Claudius follow the battle in Britain?

A

He watched his men fight for 16 days

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23
Q

What was Claudius’ role in the battle to invade Britain?

A

He gave official approval for the actions of his own commander Plautius.

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24
Q

How many kings surrendered during the battle to invade Britain?

A

11 kings and queens surrendered

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25
Q

After the Roman invasion, Britain was declared a Roman province. Who was declared the governor?

A

Plautius

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26
Q

Once Britain had been successfully conquered what were the changes made?

A

Roman laws were enforced
Roman taxes were collected
Romans were able to buy land in Britain and use it for mining or agriculture

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27
Q

After the invasion, we kept the peace in the province?

A

The Roman army did, sometimes brutally.

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28
Q

What did Claudius build in Rome to celebrate the capture of Britain?

A

Claudius built a triumphant arch Britain to celebrate the capture of Britain.

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29
Q

Name British king who decided to cooperate with the Roman invaders?

A

King Cogidubnus in the South. He became a friend and ally of the invaders

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30
Q

Name two king/queens who opposed the Romans.

A
  1. Caratacus in Wales

2. Queen Boudica in East Anglia

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31
Q

Did the Romans occupy all of Britain?

A

Yes, the gradually moved North wards up towards Scotland conquering as they went.

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32
Q

When are the stories in stages 13 and 14 set?

A

In the time of the most famous governor, Agricola.

33
Q

When did Agricola stay in Britain?

A

AD 74-85

34
Q

What did Agricola do in Scotland?

A

He built a number of forts for defence

35
Q

When did Agricola put an end to Scottish resistance?

A

AD 84 when he defeated their army in Aberdeen

36
Q

Agricola’s mission in Britain was not just a military one. What else did he want to do?

A

He also wanted to accustom the Britain’s to a life of peace by providing them with the comforts of civilisation.

37
Q

What thing did Agricola do to help provide the comforts of civilisation?

A
  1. He educated the sons of chiefs

2. He encouraged and provided help for the building of temples, forums and houses.

38
Q

Why did the sons of chiefs not hate the Latin language spoken by the Romans?

A

Because they were educated and wanted to speak Latin. Importantly they did not hate the language.

39
Q

In stage 13, we saw that farmers were not starting to build villas like the Romans. What did they also start doing in the towns?

A

Organising them in a grid like system similar to the Roman town of Gaul. Houses would no longer be isolated, but now part of an organised structure that allowed roads to be gradually build connecting areas.

40
Q

Why were the roads between areas originally built?

A

For soldiers to travel along

41
Q

What were the roads the Romans built eventually used for?

A

By merchants for trading.

42
Q

What happened to trade during the Romans rule?

A

Trade increased across Britain and also on the continent due to better transport.

43
Q

Some Britons welcomed the Romans enthusiastically. Why?

A

They became very wealthy under the Romans due to improved trade.

44
Q

How did many of the leading famillies react to Agricola?

A

They adopted a Roman lifestyle and were very happy and wealthy from trade.

45
Q

There was a real mixture of effects on Britons. What categories of effects were there?

A
  1. Happy wealthy traders
  2. Those very badly affected
  3. Those unaffected
  4. Those who had mixed feelings
46
Q

Why did some Britons have mixed feelings about becoming part of the Roman Empire?

A
  1. It gave them a share in Roman prosperity
  2. Enjoyed the Roman way of life
  3. But it meant taxes
  4. It also meant they were ruled by a Roman governor backed by Roman soldiers.
47
Q

How long did the Romans remain in Britain?

A

400 years!

48
Q

Who was Boudica?

A

Wife of King Prasutagus

Queen of East Anglia

49
Q

What did the Romans do when King Prasutagus died?

A

Confiscated all his land and property
Boudica was flogged
The daughters were raped

50
Q

Who was King Prasutagus king of?

A

The Iceni, a tribe who lived in East Anglia

51
Q

Boudica and the Iceni tribe could not let the atrocities carried out by the Romans go unanswered. What did they do?

A

Boudica, the Iceni tribe and other discounted tribes started an uprising in AD 60.

52
Q

Why were Boudica’s rebels successful at first?

A

They met little resistance as the governor Paulinus was away fighting resistance from the Druids.

53
Q

Which towns did Boudica group loot and kill all the inhabitants?

A

Colchester
London
St Albans

54
Q

Eventually Paulinus confronted Boudica and her tribes and battled with her. Who won?

A

Paulinus even they he had less men

55
Q

Why did Paulinus defeat Boudica and her tribes even though he had less men?

A

Although a Roman troops were severely outnumbered, their superior training and tactics won them a decisive victory.

56
Q

Once defeated, what did Boudica do to avoid capture?

A

Boudica committed suicide to avoid capture.

57
Q

How did Boudica commit suicide to avoid capture by Paulinus?

A

She swallowed poison.

58
Q

Why was Boudica a remarkable and fearsome creature in the Romans eyes?

A
  1. She brought them to the brink of defeat

2. She was a woman who wielded real power

59
Q

Was it unusual for women to yield great power in Britain at the time?

A

In some wealthier famillies, women had equal rights to men.

60
Q

In the wealthier families in Britainwhere women had equal rights, how was this demonstrated?

A
  1. They could divorce their husbands
  2. Be buried with lots of possessions
  3. Own property within their own right within marriage.
  4. Had the same funeral rites as men
61
Q

How does the power of women in wealthy British families compare to the power of women in wealthy Roman families?

A

Even high born Roman women, like Rufilla, even though they had an important role to play in the running of the household, were legally under the control of a male relative.

62
Q

How was Boudica regarded by Romans?

A

Unnatural
Fascinating
Unusually dangerous

63
Q

What items did Britain export in Roman times?

A

Grain, hunting dogs and metal ( iron, tin, gold and lead)

64
Q

What items did Britain import during Roman times?

A

Wine, oil and other goods from the Roman Empire

65
Q

Why is AD 43. So important?

A

It is the year that Claudius instructed Plautius to invade Britain.

Britain became a Roman province.

66
Q

What is the modern name for Eboracum?

A

York

67
Q

What is the modern name for Deva?

A

Chester

68
Q

What is the modern name for Aquarian’s Sulfs?

A

Bath

69
Q

What is the modern day name of Isca?

A

Exeter

70
Q

What is the modern day name of Noviomagnus?

A

Chichester

71
Q

What is the modern day name of Dubris?

A

Dover

72
Q

What is the modern day name of Camulodunum?

A

Colchester

73
Q

What is the modern day name of Rutupine?

A

Richborough

74
Q

What is the modern day name of Londinium?

A

London

75
Q

What is the modern day name for Verulamium?

A

St Albans

76
Q

What is the modern day name for Lindum?

A

Lincoln

77
Q

What is the modern day name for Viroconium?

A

Wroexeter

78
Q

What is the modern day name for Calleva?

A

Silchester

Classics (4 decks)

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