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Classics > Stage 13 > Flashcards

Stage 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What did a Roman land owner describe slaves as which showed the lack of respect he had for them?

A

Slaves were described as farm equipment with voices

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2
Q

What nationality would most of Salvius’ slaves be?

A

British

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3
Q

By comparison, where would most of Salvius’ skilled slaves have come from?

A

Abroad

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4
Q

Of the slave jobs, which had the harshest life of all?

A

The slaves working in the mines has the hardest life of all.

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5
Q

Who had a harsher life, slaves working on the land or those acting as domestic slaves?

A

The ones on the land of course.

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6
Q

Why were many slaves sent to work in the mines which was the harshest job of all?

A

Many slaves were sent to the mines as a punishment.

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7
Q

What were the conditions like in the mines?

A

The conditions in the mines were so poor that they were thought of as a death sentence.

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8
Q

Were any slaves kept in chains?

A

Yes

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9
Q

In theory the law gave slaves some protection. Give an example of this.

A

If an owner killed a sick slave he could be charged with murder.

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10
Q

Were the laws protecting slaves adhered to?

A

To, they were largely ignored.

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11
Q

Give an example of a story that you know where the laws protecting the slaves were ignored.

A

The story of Salvius and the Cantican miners.

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12
Q

Why did owners have more of a motivation to look after their slaves in the first century AD.

A

Slaves were increasingly scare and expensive and so owner were keen to look after them so they could work hard.

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13
Q

Give an example of a slave known to the owner by name and respected.

A

A gravestone in Chester was set up by the master of three slaves who had died young.

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14
Q

Salvius was an intelligent and ambitious young man who was borne in Italy. Where did he move to?

A

Rome

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15
Q

What reputation did Salvius gain in Rome?

A

Servís gained a reputation for speaking his mind.

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16
Q

What was Salvius’ first job?

A

Lawyer

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17
Q

After Salvius became a successful lawyer what position was given to him?

A

Salvius was made a Roman Senator

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18
Q

Who made Servius a Roman senator?

A

Vespasian the Emperor

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19
Q

Salvius was chosen to be one of the Rval brotherhood. Who were they?

A

A group of 12 distinguished men who met to perform religious ceremonies and in particular to pray for the emperor and his family.

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20
Q

Salvius was put in charge of a legion. Why was this so important?

A
  1. It was a great honour to do this job

2. It demonstrated the trust that Emperor Vespasian put in him.

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21
Q

Where was Salvius sent in AD 81 by Titus the next Emperor?

A

He was sent to help the Roman governor of the province of Britain

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22
Q

What was Salvius’ main task to help the Roman Governor in Britain?

A

He probably supervised the law courts and looked after the Southern Province.

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23
Q

What was the Roman Governor doing while Salvius was looking after the law courts and the South?

A

The roam governor was fighting in the north.

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24
Q

Name 2 other tasks that Salvius is likely to have done in Britain?

A
  1. Acted as a judge travelling around the country

2. Arranged for some of the money raised by mining and farming to be sent regularly to the emperor in Rome.

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25
Q

Where do the stories set in Roman Britain imagine Salvius and his wife living?

A

Near Chichester on the Sussex coast (close to grannies)

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26
Q

What type of house would Salvius have lived in?

A

An impressive villa

27
Q

What t4 items have given us most of our knowledge of a Salvius?

A
  1. Details on a commemorative stone in Italy.
  2. Inscription found in a wood near Rome.
  3. Mentioned by two Roman writers
  4. On a gravestone dedicated by his son to Salvius’ wife.
28
Q

What were the main crops grown in Britain in the first century AD?

A

Barley
Oats
Rye
Especially wheat

29
Q

Which seeds did archaeologists find preserved in the earth?

A

All those seeds from barley, oats, rye and wheat

30
Q

Why were they preserved?

A

They had been accidentally charred (burnt)

31
Q

Most farms in the 1st century AD kept animals. Give some examples of animals kept?

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs , horses, geese,hens

32
Q

What goods did the animals produce?

A
  1. Food
  2. Wool
  3. Leather clothing
  4. Fertiliser
  5. Bone tools
  6. Used for transport
  7. Used for security
33
Q

What were bees kept for?

A

To produce honey to sweeten foods as there was no sugar then.

34
Q

Many fruis and vegetables were grown. Which ones were brought to Britain by the Romans?

A

Cherries and peas

35
Q

The villas could not produce everything they needed and so the farms could trade. What did they trade?

A

Homemade products such as leather, meat, timber and honey could be traded for shellfish, wine, pottery and iron ware.

36
Q

Who would supervise a large villa like Salvius’?

A

The bailiffs or farm manager

37
Q

What type of person was the bailiff?

A

Also a slave

38
Q

What was the bailiff responsible for?

A

Buying any food or other goods that can not be produced on the villas own land and for looking after the building and the slaves.

39
Q

A what sort of person would the slave chosen to be the bailiff be?

A

Someone middle-aged and toughened from farm work

40
Q

How would the Romans plough their fields?

A

With 2 oxen and a plough held by a slave

41
Q

What emblem did a pre Roman British gold coin have on it?

A

A sheaf of wheat

42
Q

Where did most inhabitants of Roman Britain live?

A

In the countryside

43
Q

How much would a typical small farm produce for a native a Briton?

A

Enough to provide for the needs of the farmer and his family and perhaps a single slave. There could be a little surplus for trade.

44
Q

What did a typical British farmhouse look like?

A

It was circular with a steeply sloping flat roof

45
Q

In the typical British farmhouse what was the advantage of the circular build?

A

To minimise heat loss through the walls

46
Q

In a typical British farmhouse what were the walls made of to prevent heat loss?

A

Wattle and daub attached to a wooden frame

47
Q

What was the advantage of the steeply sloping thatched roof

A

Allowed rain and snow to run off quickly.

48
Q

What is wattle and daub?

A

Like basket work mixed with clay

49
Q

How did Julius Caesar describe Britain?

A

The population of the island is countless. Houses are to be seen everywhere and there are enormous numbers of cattle. They use bronze or gold coinage.

50
Q

What would the inside of the typical farmhouse consist of?

A

A single room where everyone in the family lived, worked, slept and ate.

51
Q

Were there any windows in a typical farmhouse?

A

No windows and only one low narrow door to stop the heat escaping.

52
Q

Given there were no windows and only a small door, where would most of the light have come from?

A

From the open fire in the centre of the room

53
Q

Other than light, what was the purpose of the fire?

A

To cook and to provide heat.

54
Q

Given there was no chimney, what would it have been like inside the room?

A

Very smokey

55
Q

About thirty years after the Roman invasion, in AD43, Roman villas started to appear. What were they like?

A

Four or five rooms sometimes linked by a corridor

56
Q

What were Roman villas built from?

A

Timber, wattle and daub, with roofs of stone slabs, tiles or thatch.

57
Q

Did the Britons like the Roman villas?

A

Yes, they tried to copy them, perhaps to gain favour from the Romans

58
Q

What were the advantageous of the villas?

A

More spacious
More privacy
More comfort

59
Q

What were the disadvantages of the villas?

A

Difficult and expensive to heat

60
Q

Where did the Britons learn to build the villas?

A

From the Gallic builders and craftsmen

61
Q

What were later villas like?

A

Build to stone and more elaborate

62
Q

What might the grandest ones contain?

A

Under floor heating, colonnadeso ornamental gardens, mosaics and baths.

63
Q

What is significant about AD 43?

A

This was the year that Claudius Instructed Plautius to invade Britain.

Britain becomes part of the Roman Empire.

64
Q

How does farming and housing change after AD 43?

A

The farmers can use imported seeds and grow lots of different crops
Some farmers started to build their houses in the Roman style.

Classics (4 decks)

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