ST2

Question 1

Protein with carbohydrate attached

Answer 1

Glycoprotein

Question 2

Lipid with carbohydrate attached

Answer 2

Glycolipid

Question 3

carries markers that allow cells to recognize one another and plays a vital role for tissue
and organ formation during early development, and
later in the “self” versus “non-self” distinction of the
immune response.

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

must be very flexible to allow
certain cells, such as red blood cells and white blood cells, to change shape as they pass through narrow capillaries.

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

water loving

Answer 5

“hydrophilic

Question 6

water fearing

Answer 6

“hydrophobic

Question 7

lipid bilayer, with
their– facing the
water and their tails
pointing towards
the interior of the
membrane.

Answer 7

phosphate
heads

Question 8

phospholipids are
arranged in a
structure called a

Answer 8

lipid bilayer,

Question 9

molecules get absorbed or
dissolved in water

Answer 9

Hydrophilic

Question 10

only dissolve in oil-based substances.

Answer 10

hydrophobic molecules

Question 11

require facilitated diffusion,

Answer 11

Hydrophilic molecules

Question 12

are suitable for passive diffusion in cellular activities.

Answer 12

hydrophobic molecules

Question 13

are polar and ionic

Answer 13

Hydrophilic molecules

Question 14

molecules are non-polar.

Answer 14

hydrophobic molecules

Question 15

is a type of covalent bond where atoms share electrons unequally.

Answer 15

Polar

Question 16

is a type of covalent bond where atoms share electrons equally

Answer 16

Nonpolar

Question 17

occurs when substances cross the plasma membrane without any input of energy from the cell.

Answer 17

Passive transport

Question 18

is needed because the substances are moving from
an area where they have a higher concentration to an area
where they have a lower concentration.

Answer 18

No energy

Question 19

When water is mixed with other molecules this mixture is
called a

Answer 19

solution

Question 20

Water is the–and the dissolved
substance is the solute.

Answer 20

solvent

Question 21

The concentration of solute in the solution can be greater than the concentration of solute in the cells. This cell is in

Answer 21

a hypertonic solution

Question 22

greater than normal

Answer 22

hyper

Question 23

The net flow or water will be in hypertonic

Answer 23

out of the cell.

Question 24

The concentration of solute in the solution can be equal to the concentration of solute in cells. In this situation, the cell is in an

Answer 24

isotonic solution

Question 25

equal or the same as normal

Answer 25

iso

Question 26

The amount of water entering the cell is the same as the
amount

Answer 26

leaving the cell.

Question 27

The concentration of solute in the solution can be less than the concentration of solute in the cells. This cell is in a

Answer 27

hypotonic solution

Question 28

less than normal

Answer 28

hypo

Question 29

The net flow of water will be in hypotonic

Answer 29

into the cell

Question 30

The energy for active
transport comes from the
energy-carrying molecule
called

Answer 30

ATP (adenosine
triphosphate).

Question 31

may also require transport proteins, such as carrier proteins, which are embedded in the plasma membrane.

Answer 31

Active transport

Question 32

moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference
in charge across that membrane.

Answer 32

primary active transport

Question 33

is a mechanism of active transport that moves sodium
ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cells — in all the trillions of cells in the
body

Answer 33

sodium-potassium pump

Question 34

describes the movement of
material using the energy of the electrochemical gradient
established by the primary active transport.

Answer 34

Secondary active transport

Question 35

Using the energy of the electrochemical gradient created by
the primary active transport system, other substances such
as — can be brought into the cell
through membrane channels.

Answer 35

amino acids and glucose

Question 36

ATP itself is formed through secondary active transport
using a hydrogen ion gradient in the

Answer 36

mitochondrion.

Question 37

molecules cross the plasma membrane with a different
sort of help, called vesicle transport.

Answer 37

Very large

Question 38

requires
energy, so it is also a form of active transport.

Answer 38

Vesicle transport

Question 39

There are two types of vesicle transport:

Answer 39

endocytosis and exocytosis.

Question 40

is a type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into
the cell. The plasma membrane completely engulfs the substance, a
vesicle pinches off from the membrane, and the vesicle carries the
substance into the cell.

Answer 40

Endocytosis

Question 41

requires
constant adjustments
because conditions are
always changing both
inside and outside the
cell.

Answer 41

Homeostasis

Question 42

By moving substances
into and out of cells, they
keep conditions within
normal ranges inside the
cells and the organism

Answer 42

Homeostasis

Question 43

Maintaining the proper balance of sodium and
potassium in body fluids by active transport is
necessary for life itself, so it’s no surprise that getting
the right balance of sodium and potassium in the diet is

Answer 43

important for good health.

Question 44

Imbalances may increase the risk of

Answer 44

high blood
pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and other disorders