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BIOLOGY > ST1 > Flashcards

ST1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The systematic study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

plants

A

Botany

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3
Q

animals

A

Zoology

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4
Q

inheritance

A

Genetics

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5
Q

cells

A

Cytology

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6
Q

tissues

A

Histology

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7
Q

Fundamental building block of all matter

A

Atom

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8
Q

An association of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

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9
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cell

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10
Q

An individual; consists of one or more cells

A

Organism

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11
Q

Group of individuals of a species in each area

A

Population

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12
Q

All populations of all species in each area

A

Community

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13
Q

A community interacting with its environment

A

Ecosystem

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14
Q

All regions of Earth that hold life

A

Biosphere

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15
Q

The fundamental unit of all life

A

Cell

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16
Q

Has the characteristics of life

A

Cell

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17
Q

Do not function independently of one another

A

Cell

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18
Q

is a compilation of the many works of scientists and the continued improvement of the microscopes which made it possible to view and study the minute and microscopic cells.

A

Cell Theory

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19
Q

paved the way to a deeper knowledge and understanding of the cell.

A

cell theory

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20
Q

In 1665 he discovered the “cell” when he viewed a thin slice of cork using his primitive microscope

A

Robert Hooke

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21
Q

He coined the term cell, from the Latin word “cellula” which means little rooms, as he observed tiny hollow compartments under the microscope.

A

Robert Hooke

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22
Q

He drew what he saw under the microscope and published his work “Micrographia”
.

A

Robert Hooke

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23
Q

Considered as the “Father of Microscopy”

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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24
Q

He improved the kind of microscope that Robert Hooke used

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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25
Q

In 1673 he got samples of water from a pond,and when he viewed it under the microscope, he observed small, moving organisms, which later he called “animalcules”
, which means little animals.

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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26
Q

In 1676 he discovered bacteria

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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27
Q

the spermatozoa, 1677

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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28
Q

A German botanist

A

Matthias Schleiden

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29
Q

He discovered that all plants are made of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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30
Q

A German zoologist

A

Theodore Schwann

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31
Q

He concluded that all animals are made of cells

A

Theodore Schwann

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32
Q

A German pathologist

A

Rudolf Virchow

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33
Q

He is known as the “Father of Pathology”

A

Rudolf Virchow

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34
Q

He discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells.

A

Rudolf Virchow

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35
Q

This is the region of DNA that signals the start of a gene and helps regulate when and where the gene is transcribed (copied into RNA).

A

Promoter Region

36
Q

These are the coding regions of a gene. It contain the actual genetic information that is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and then used as a template for protein synthesis.

A

Exons

37
Q

These are the non-coding regions of a gene that lie between the exons.

A

Introns

38
Q

70S ribosome is a ribosome with a sedimentation rate of

A

70 Svedberg units

39
Q

In contrast, eukaryotic cells, which make up organisms like animals, plants, and fungi,have larger ribosomes known as

A

80S ribosomes

40
Q

are found in the cells of virtually all
eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi.

A

Peroxisomes

41
Q

They are a common organelle in eukaryotic cells and play essential roles in various cellular processes, particularly those related to

A

lipid metabolism and detoxification.

42
Q

a cell is made up of three major components which are the

A

cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm where organelles are floating.

43
Q

the jelly like material inside the cell

A

CYTOPLASM

44
Q

most organelles float within the

A

CYTOPLASM

45
Q

it helps dissolves solutes and moves materials within the cell

A

CYTOPLASM

46
Q

large, generally oval

A

THE NUCLEUS

47
Q

are long strands of DNA responsible for holding information to make proteins

A

Chromatins

48
Q

is responsible of making proteins

A

Nucleolus

49
Q

envelope is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus

A

Nuclear

50
Q

a network of tubes or membranes contain ribosomes

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

51
Q

it receives ribosomes from the nucleus

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

52
Q

a tunnel system that transports ribosomes that make proteins

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

53
Q

has no ribosomes

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

54
Q

synthesizes fats and lipids and breakdown toxins

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

55
Q

are small bodies which are free or attached to RER

A

RIBOSOMES

56
Q

created by nucleolus

A

RIBOSOMES

57
Q

it is transported by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

RIBOSOMES

58
Q

its job is to make proteins

A

RIBOSOMES

59
Q

stacks of flattened sacs or vacuoles structures

A

GOLGI BODY

60
Q

modifies, sorts and packages proteins

A

GOLGI BODY

61
Q

known as the “power house of the cell”

A

MITOCHONDRIA

62
Q

it is bean-shaped and a relatively large organelle

A

MITOCHONDRIA

63
Q

have inner membranes, double membrane outer smooth inner folded into cristae

A

MITOCHONDRIA

64
Q

it functions to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate)which is the energy currency during the process of cellular respiration

A

MITOCHONDRIA

65
Q

are small, round membrane structures

A

LYSOSOMES

66
Q

known as “suicidal bags”of the cell contain digestive enzymes

A

LYSOSOMES

67
Q

it functions to breakdown foods, kill pathogens and destroy dying cells

A

LYSOSOMES

68
Q

these are filamentous extensions in cytoplasm

A

CYTOSKELETON

69
Q

the microtubules provide strength and support to the cell

A

CYTOSKELETON

70
Q

it moves organelles within the cell

A

CYTOSKELETON

71
Q

paired structures near the nucleus

A

CENTRIOLE

72
Q

made of cylinder of microtubule pairs

A

CENTRIOLE

73
Q

it separates chromosomes during the process of mitosis

A

CENTRIOLE

74
Q

are short, and numerous and hair-like

A

Cilia

75
Q

are much longer, fewer, and are whip-like

A

Flagella

76
Q

outermost layer of plant,
fungi, and bacterial cells

A

CELLULOSE CELL WALL

77
Q

made of tough cellulose
which is hard to digest

A

CELLULOSE CELL WALL

78
Q

it gives extra protection

A

CELLULOSE CELL WALL

79
Q

allows H2O, O2, CO2 to
pass into and out of cell

A

CELLULOSE CELL WALL

80
Q

these are fluid-filled sacs

A

VACUOLES

81
Q

are few and large in
plant cells, while they are small in animal cells

A

VACUOLES

82
Q

are pouches in the cell
that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates, waste products and toxic waste.

A

VACUOLES

83
Q

these are green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) in plants

A

CHLOROPLASTS

84
Q

the site photosynthesis

A

CHLOROPLASTS

85
Q

the green pigment chlorophyll within the chloroplasts absorbs sunlight and together with the raw materials water and carbon
dioxide convert solar energy to chemical energy producing sugar and oxygen in the
process called photosynthesis.

A

CHLOROPLASTS

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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