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Oral Path 2 > ST Calcifications > Flashcards

ST Calcifications Flashcards

1
Q

Heterotopic

A

Unorganized deposition of calcium phosphate in ST

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2
Q

Distrophic

A
  • Calcification in degenerating, diseased, or dead tissue
  • Normal serum calcium/phosphate levels
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3
Q

Idiopathic

A
  • Calcification in normal tissue
  • Normal serum calcium/phosphate levels
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4
Q

Phlebolith

A
  • Idiopathic calcification
  • Thrombus forms bc of venous stagnation
  • Minerals in the blood calcify when standstill
  • H&N: Phleobliths always in presence of hemangioma
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5
Q

Phlebolith: Location & features

A
  • Anywhere hemangiomas form
  • Laminated appearance
  • Bull’s eye or targetoid
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6
Q

Phlebolith: Tx

A
  • None needed
  • Important if surgical procedures indicated
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7
Q

Laryngeal Cartilage Calcifications

A
  • Idiopathic calcification AND ossification
  • Triticeous and thyroid cartilage
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8
Q

Laryngeal Cartilage Calcifications: Location & features

A
  • W/in ST of pharynx
  • Inferior to greater horn of hyoid
  • Adjacent to C4
  • Well-defined, smooth edges
  • Homogenous in RO
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9
Q

Laryngeal Cartilage Calcifications: Tx

A

No tx needed

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10
Q

What would you include in differential dx for laryngeal cartilage calcification?

A
  • Calcified carotid artery
  • Triticeous cartilage uniform in size and shape
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11
Q

Calcified Lymph Nodes

A
  • Dystrophic calcification
  • Occurs in chronically inflamed tissue
  • Typically w/ granulomatous disorders
  • Lymphoid tissue replaced by hydroxyapatite-like Ca2+ salts
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12
Q

Calcified Lymph Nodes: Location & features

A
  • SubMN region
  • Angle of MN
  • Posterior border of ramus
  • Lobulated
  • Linear series = “chaining”
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13
Q

What would you include in differential dx for Calcified Lymph Nodes?

A
  • Sialolith = smooth borders
  • Phlebolith = smaller, multiple, concentric RO and RL rings
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14
Q

Calcified Lymph Node: Tx

A

No tx needed; need to establish underlying disease

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15
Q

Tonsoliths

A
  • Dystrophic calcification
  • Repeated bouts of tonsillar inflammation
  • Organic debris serves as nidus for formation
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16
Q

Tonsoliths: Location

A
  • Midportion of MN ramus
  • May extend inferior to MN canal
17
Q

Tonsoliths: Tx

A
  • Asymptomatic: None
  • Symptomatic:
    • Small: Expressed manually
    • Large: Removed surgically
18
Q

Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque

A
  • Dystrophic calcification
  • Evolution of plaque w/in intima of vessel
19
Q

Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque: Location & features

A
  • Atherosclerosis develops at arterial bifurcations
  • In region of hyoid bone
  • Adjacent to cervical vertebrae: C3-C4
  • Multiple, irregularly shaped
  • Sharply defined
  • Vertical linear distribution
20
Q

Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque: Tx

A
  • Heightened risk for cerebrovascular accident
  • Referred to physicians for further investigations
21
Q

Antroliths

A
  • Idiopathic calcification in nose (rhinolith) or MX sinus (antrolith)
  • Deposition of nasal, lacrimal, inflammatory mineral salts around a nidus
  • Nose
    • Kids: Foreign body
  • Sinus:
    • Root tip
    • Bone fragment
    • Long standing sinusitis
  • Features: various shapes and sizes
22
Q

What would you include in differential for antroliths?

A
  • Osteoma: Not separate from bone
  • Odontoma: RL rim around RO area
23
Q

Antroliths: Tx

A

Remove mass

24
Q

Ossification of Stylohyoid Ligament

A
  • Clinical features
    • Hard, pointed structure over tonsil
  • Classic Eagle’s Syndrome: Cranial nn impingement
    • H/o neck trauma, tonsillectomy
  • Carotid Artery Syndrome: Carotid artery impingement
    • No h/o neck trauma
    • ECA impinged: Suborbital pain
    • ICA impinged: Eye pain, headache, visual symptoms, vertigo, syncope
25
Q

Ossification of Stylohyoid Ligament

A
  • Asymptomatic: None
  • Symptomatic: Styloidectomy
26
Q

Sialolith

A
  • Idiopathic calcification
  • Stones found w/in salivary glands
27
Q

Sialolith: Location & features

A
  • Most common in subMN gland
    • Longer more tortuous duct
    • Uphill flow in proximal portion
    • Higher mineral content
  • Usually single, but can be multiple esp in parotid
  • Smooth outline
  • May have multiple layers of calcification
  • Not seen radiographically
28
Q

Sialolith: Tx

A
  • Small stones = “milked out”
  • Large stones = surgical removal

Oral Path 2 (11 decks)

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