Anomalies Flashcards
1
Q
Turner’s Hypoplasia (Enamel)
A
- Periapical inflammatory disease of overlying deciduous tooth
- Varies from focal areas of white to yellow to brown discoloration to extensive hypoplasia
- Permanent PM frequent
- Anterior teeth less frequent bc crown formed before development of PA disease
- Cause: Trauma or caries in deciduous teeth
- MX CIs common
- Clinical appearance of permanent successor dependent on timing and severity of damage
2
Q
Hypoplasia from Exanthematous Fever
A
- Age 2-3: Rows of pits or diminished enamel on permanent anterior incisors & M1s
- Age 4-5: Similar pattern seen in cuspids, bicuspids, M2s
- Temporal line: Line of deformed enamel
3
Q
Fluorosis
A
- Fluoride enamel defects through retention of amelogenin proteins in enamel
- Creates hypomaturation of enamel, alters light reflection and gives white chalky areas
- Critical period is 2nd to 3rd yr of life when permanent teeth are forming
- Dose dependent from 1.2ppm to 0.7ppm w/ fluorosis in excess of 2.0ppm
- Local excess fluoride from toothpaste ingestion or from fluoride supplements given to infant
- Long term excess fluoride in H2O
4
Q
Congenital Syphilis
A
- Transmitted across placenta from infected mother to fetus
- In untreated mother
- Oral Manifestations
- Hutchinson’s Incisors: Anterior teeth have crowns shaped like flat screwdrivers
- Mulberry Molars: Posterior teeth have constricted occlusal tables w/ disorganized surface anatomy
5
Q
Tooth wear
A
- Normal physiologic loss of dental structures
- Considered pathologic when creates functional, esthetic, or dental sensitivity
6
Q
Attrition
A
Loss of tooth structure caused by tooth to tooth contact
7
Q
Abrasion
A
Pathologic wearing of tooth structure by mechanical action of external agent
8
Q
Erosion
A
Loss of tooth structure caused by nonbacterial chemical process
9
Q
Perimolysis
A
Erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions
10
Q
Abfraction
A
- Loss of tooth structure from occlusal stresses that create tooth flexure w/ failure of enamel and dentin
- Enamel rods are weaker under compression than tension
11
Q
Ankylosis
A
- Anatomic fusion of cementum or dentin to bone
- Cause unknown
- Teeth frequently involved
- Primary MN M1
- Primary MN M2
- Primary MX M1
- Primary MX M2
- Rarely permanent teeth
- Tx
- Ortho cannot move teeth
- Extraction of tooth will allow permanent tooth to erupt
- No permanent tooth: Esthetic build up
12
Q
Hypodontia
A
- Denotes lack of one or more teeth
-
Anodontia: Complete lack of tooth development
- Anodontia is rare and associated w/ ectodermal dysplasia
- Oligodontia: Lack of 6 or more teeth
- Absence of missing primary = strong chance of missing permanent successor
- M3s, MN PM2, MX LIs
13
Q
Anodontia
A
- Complete lack of tooth development
- Rare and associated w/ ectodermal dysplasia
14
Q
Oligodontia
A
Lack of 6 or more teeth
15
Q
Hyperdontia
A
- Development of increased # of teeth
-
Supernumerary tooth: Single tooth hyperdontia
- 75% of cases
- 95% in MX
- Most common in incisor region
- Mesiodens: Supernumerary tooth in MX incisor area
- Distomolar: Supernumerary M4
- Paramolar: Supernumerary buccal or lingual to molar tooth
- Natal or Neonatal teeth: 85% are primary MN incisors
16
Q
Supernumerary tooth
A
- Single tooth hyperdontia
- Most common in incisor region
17
Q
Mesiodens
A
Supernumerary tooth in MX incisor area
18
Q
Distomolar
A
Supernumerary M4
19
Q
Paramolar
A
Supernumerary buccal or lingual to molar tooth
20
Q
Natal or Neonatal Teeth
A
85% are primary MN incisors
21
Q
Microdontia
A
- Unusually small teeth
- Peg lateral (MX lats) are most frequent, followed by M3
22
Q
Macrodontia
A
Larger than avg teeth
23
Q
Gemination
A
Single enlarged tooth or joined (double) tooth in which the tooth count is normal, when anomalous tooth is counted as one
24
Q
Fusion
A
Single enlarged tooth or joined (double) tooth in which the tooth count is missing a tooth, when anomalous tooth is counted as one
25
Concresence
Union of 2 teeth by cementum alone w/o confluence of underlying dentin
26
Dilaceration
Bend in tooth root
27
Cusp of Carabelli
Accessory cusp located on palatal surface of ML cusp of MX molar
28
Talon Cusp
Well-delineated additional cusp located on the surface of anterior tooth and extends half the distance from CEJ to incisal edge
29
Dens Evaginatus
* Cusp-like elevation of enamel
* Located in central groove or lingual ridge of buccal cusp of PM or M teeth
* Usually located
* MN teeth
* PM teeth
* Bilateral
* Tx
* No occlusal interference: No tx
* Occlusal interference: Elimination of opposing occlusal interference
30
Dens Invaginatus
* Deep surface invagination of crown or root that is **lined by enamel**
* Two types
* **Coronal Dens Invaginatus**
* **More common**
* **Dens in dente:** Invagination resembles tooth w/in a tooth
* **Dilated odontome:** Invagination dilates and disturbs root/tooth formation
* **Radicular Dens Invaginatus**
* Tx
* **Small invaginations:** Restoration after eruption
* **Larger invaginations:** Endo tx or extraction
31
What type of dens invaginatus is most common? Coronal or radicular?
Coronal dens invaginatus
32
Dens in dente
Coronal dens invaginatus
Tooth w/in a tooth
33
Dilated odontome
Coronal dens invaginatus
Invagination dilates and disturbs root/tooth formation
34
Taurodontism
* Enlargement of body and pulp chamber of a multi-rooted tooth w/ **apical placement of pulpal floor** and bifurcation of roots
* Tx: None required
35
Hypercementosis
* **Cemental hyperplasia**
* **Non-neoplastic** deposition of excessive cementum
* Continuous w/ normal radicular cementum
* **Enlarged root**
* **Surrounded by RL PDL space**
* **Lamina dura intact**
36
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
* 14 different hereditary subtypes of developmental alterations of enamel in the absence of systemic disease
* Different classification schemes
* **Wiktop's classification:** Phenotype & pedigree
* **Hypoplastic**
* **Hypomaturation**
* **Hypocalcified**
* **Gene mutations**
1. **Hypoplastic AI**
2. **Hypermaturation AI**
3. **Hypocalcified AI**
4. **AI w/ Taurodontism**
37
Hypoplastic AI
* Inadequate deposition of enamel matrix
* Any matrix present is mineralized
* **Generalized pattern:** Pin-point pits scattered across surface of the teeth
* **Localized pattern:** Horizontal rows of pits
* **AD smooth pattern**
* **X-linked smooth pattern**
38
Hypomaturation AI
* Enamel matrix laid down properly and **begins to mineralize**
* Defect in **maturation** of enamel
* Normal shape, discolored, enamel chips off
* **Pigment pattern:** Mottle brown color; punctured by explorer
* **X-linked pattern:** Enamel chips, pierced by explorer
* **Snow-capped pattern:** White opaque enamel on incisal or occlusal third of crown
39
Hypocalcified AI
* Enamel matrix laid down properly
* No mineralization occurs
* Enamel very soft and easily lost
40
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
* Hereditary development disturbance of the dentin in the absence of systemic disorder
* Mutation of **DSPP gene**
* 8 different mutations
* Clinical & Rad Features
* Translucent teeth
* Blue to brown discoloration
* Bulbous crowns, cervical constriction
* Thin roots
* Obliteration of root canals and pulp chamber
* Dentinogenesis Imperfecta vs. Osteogenesis Imperfecta w/ Opalescent Teeth
* OI: AD Type 1 Collagen disorder; COL1A1, COLA12 gene mutation
* DI: DSPP gene mutation
* 8th mutation DSPP is known to cause **dentin dysplasia Type II** (more closely related to dentinogenesis imperfecta)
41
Dentin Dysplasia
* Developmental **defect of dentin**
* Loss of dentin organization
* No evidence of systemic disease or DI
* Two types
* **Type I: Radicular Dentin Dysplasia**
* **Type II: Coronal Dentin Dysplasia**
42
Type I Dentin Dysplasia
Type I: Radicular Dentin Dysplasia
* **Rootless teeth**
* **Tooth mobility & premature exfoliation**
* **Pulpal obliteration**
* **Rarefying osteitis w/o cause**
43
Type II Dentin Dysplasia
Type II: Coronal Dentin Dysplasia
* Caused by **DSPP mutation**
* Root length normal
* **Pulp chambers enlarged**
* **Thistle-tube-shaped or flame shaped**
