Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Disease > SSTIs > Flashcards

SSTIs Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora of the face, neck

A

Staph. epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal flora of the axilla and groin

A

GNRs (acinetobacter spp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary infections

A

Usually involve areas of previously healthy skin and are typically caused by one pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary infections

A

Usually occur in areas of previously damaged skin and are often polymicrobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cSSTIs

A

Complicated
Represents the more severe end of all SSTIs
Classification secondary to clinical decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impetigo definition

A

Superficial infection of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impetigo epidemiology

A

Children

Poor hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Impetigo causative organisms

A

S. aureus (including MRSA)

Group A streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Impetigo clinical presentation

A

Purulent, localized vesicles/lesions
Mild pain, pruritis
Most common on exposed areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impetigo topical treatment

A

Wash affected area w/ soap and water
x 5 days if localized lesions
Mupiricin or Retapamulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Impetigo oral treatment

A

Dicloxicillin, keflex, augmentin
If MRSA suspected: Doxy, Clinda, Bactrim
If streptococci alone is isolated: PCN G PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erysipelas definition

A

Cellulitis involving the more superficial layers of the skin and cutaneous lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Erysipelas epidemiology

A

Very young and very old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erysipelas causative organisms

A

Group A streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Erysipelas clinical presentation

A
  • Raised, erythematous lesions with clear line of demarcation
  • Typically associated with intense burning
  • Orange peel appearance
  • Often with systemic symptoms
  • Most commonly affects the lower extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erysipelas treatment

A

PCN G (any route) or Amoxil x 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purulent SSTIs

A

Furuncles
Carbuncles
Cutaneous abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Furuncles definition

A

Infection of the hair follicle that usually extends through the dermis into the SQ tissue resulting in small abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carbuncles

A

Inflammatory nodule that extends through multiple adjacent follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purulent SSTI epidemiology

A

Irritation/injury to hair follicle/skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purulent SSTI causative agent

A

S. aureus (if MRSA - angry looking w/black spot in the middle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Furuncle clinical presentation

A

Inflammatory, draining nodule involving a hair follicle
Lesions start as a firm, tender, red nodule that becomes painful and fluctuant
Lesions often drain spontaneously
Lesions caused by CA-MRSA often have necrotic centers characteristic of “spider bites”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Carbuncle clinical presentation

A

Form broad, swollen, erythematous, deep, and painful follicular masses
Commonly develop on the back of the neck and are more likely to occur in patients with diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General treatment of Purulent SSTIs

A

Incision and drainage, culture/sensitivity testing recommended for all carbuncles, large furuncles and abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Purulent SSTI treatment: Mild infection

A

Localized; no systemic signs of infection
Mainly small furuncles
ABX not needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Purulent SSTI treatment: Moderate infection

A 
systemic signs of infection; use PO Rx x 5-10 days
Empiric Rx: Bactrim or doxycycline
Defined Rx:
-MRSA: Bactrim
-MSSA: Dicloxacillin/keflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Purulent SSTI infection: Severe infection

A

If failed incision/drainage PLUS PO antibiotics, or if systemic inflammatory response syndrome is present; use IV rx x 5-10 days
Empiric Rx: MRSA coverage (Vanc, dapto, linexolid, telovancin, dalbovancin, oritavancin, ceftaroline)
Defined Rx:
-MRSA: same as above
-MSSA: Nafcillin/oxacillin/clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cellulitis definition

A

Involves deeper dermis and SQ fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cellulitis epidemiology

A

Breaches in skin, obesity CA-MRSA: At higher risk if smoker, have DM, recurrent infections, IVDU, crowding, frequent skin contact, sharing contaminated personal care items, lack of cleanliness

30
Q

Cellulitis causative organisms

A

Group A stretptococci and S. aureus are most common

Occasionally other G+ cocci, GNR and/or anaerobes

31
Q

Cellulitis clinical presentation

A

Erythematous, nonelevated lesions without defined margins
Affected areas are edematous and warm to touch
Lesions may be associated with purulent drainage, exudates, and/or abscesses
Accompanied by systemic symptoms and lymphatic involvement

32
Q

Cellulitis treatment: MSSA

A 
5 days of Rx for uncomplicated cases
IV: Nafcillin/oxacillin
PO: Dicloxacillin
IV (if PCN allergic): Cefazolin
PO (if PCN allergic): Keflex
33
Q

Cellulitis treatment: MRSA

A

7-10 days

IV: Vanc

34
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis definition

A

Rare SQ infection that spreads rapidly along fascial planes

Results in progressive destruction of SQ fat, fascia, and uscle compartments

35
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis risk factors

A

DM, penetrating trauma, crush injuries/interrupted blood supply

36
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis type I causative agents

A

Mixed anaerobes, GNRs, enterococci

Mortality 20%

37
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis type II causative agents

A

Group A streptococci
Associated systemic toxicity
Mortality 20-60%

38
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis clinical presentation

A

Skin necrosis or ecchymosis with fever, constant pain

Systemic toxicity: fever, leukocytosis, delirium, renal failure

39
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis general treatment

A

Surgical debridement +/- amputation

+ broad coverage

40
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis type I treatment

A

Vancomycin/Linezolid PLUS

Pip/tazo or carbapenem or ceftriaxone (kids=cefotaxime [PLUS metronidazole/clinda if ceftriaxone/cefotaxime])

41
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis type II treatment

A

Clindamycin PLUS PCN G (in cases of clinda resistance)

42
Q

Diabetic Foot Infections Clinical Presentation

A

Swelling and erythema of the foot
Purulent secretions
Three distinct types (deep abscesses, cellulitis, ulcers)
Potential complication = osteomyelitis
Glucose control to optimize wound healing
Wound care

43
Q

Mild diabetic foot infection clinical presentation

A

Local

Involves only the skin and SQ tissue

44
Q

Mild diabetic foot infections causative organisms

A

MSSA
Streptococcus spp.
MRSA

45
Q

Mild diabetic foot infections treatment: MSSA and Streptococcus

A

Keflex

Augmentin

46
Q

Mild diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA

A

Bactrim

Doxycycline

47
Q

Moderate diabetic foot infections clinical presentation

A

Local infection
Erythema > 2cm
Involving structures deeper than skin and SQ tissue
AND
No signs of systemic inflammatory response

48
Q

Severe diabetic foot infections clinical presentation

A 
Local infection 
AND
Signs of systemic inflammatory response + >/=2 of the following:
Temp >38 or <36
HR > 90
RR > 20 or PaCO2 < 32
WBC > 12000 or < 4000 
> 10% bands
49
Q

Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections causative organisms

A 
MRSA
MSSA
Streptococcus spp.
Enterobacteriaceae
Obligate anaerobes
P. aeruginosa
50
Q

Moderate-Severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MSSA, streptococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Obligate anaerobes

A

Amp/sulbactam

Ertapenem

51
Q

Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA

A

Linezolid

Vancomycin

52
Q

Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: P. aeruginosa

A

Pip/tazo

53
Q

Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, obligate anaerobes

A

Vancomycin
PLUS Ceftazidime or cefepime
OR +/- anaerobic coverage if not using pip/tazo or carbapenem

54
Q

Osteomyelitis definition

A

Infection of the bone

55
Q

Osteomyelitis etiology

A 
Prosthetic joint implants/orthopedic surgery
Trauma
Compromised circulation
Bacteremia
Diabetic foot infections
56
Q

Osteomyelitis clinical manifestations

A

Pain
Swelling
Drainage after surgery or injury

57
Q

Osteomyelitis diagnosis

A

Imaging
Laboratory tests (CBC, ESR, CRP)
Cultures

58
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment

A

Early surgical intervention
Aggressive antibiotic therapy
IV therapy: 4-6 weeks

59
Q

Osteomyelitis causative organisms

A 
MSSA
MRSA
Streptococcus spp.
Enterobacteriaceae
P. aeruginosa
60
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment: MSSA

A

Nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone

61
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment: MRSA

A

Vancomycin
Linezolid
Daptomycin

62
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment: Streptococcus spp.

A

PCN G
Ceftriaxone
Clindamycin

63
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment: Enterobaccteriaceae

A

Pip/tazo
Ceftriaxone
Cipro

64
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment: P. aeruginosa

A

Pip/tazp
Cefepime
Cipro
Imipenem/cilstatin

65
Q

Animal bite causative organisms

A

Pasteurella multocida (most common)
Streptococci
Ctaphylococci

66
Q

Animal bite preferred treatment

A

Augmentin

67
Q

Animal bite treatment comments

A

Duration: 10-14 days

Cat bites have double infection rates compared to dog bites

68
Q

Human bite causative organisms

A 
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Eikenella corrodens
PLUS
Anaerobes (Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Perphyromonas)
69
Q

Human bite preferred treatment

A

Augmentin
Amp/sulbactam
Ertapenem

70
Q

Human bite comments

A

Duration: 10-14 days

Eikenella corrodens is resistant to 1st gen ceph, macrolides, clinda, and minoglycosides

Infectious Disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions