Abx utilities Flashcards

1
Q

Natural PCNs

A

Syphilis

Susceptible strep infxn (pharyngitis, endocarditis)

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2
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A

MSSA infxn (endocarditis, skin/soft tissue)

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3
Q

Aminopenicllins

A

Ampicillin DOC for for susceptible enterococci
Susceptible GNRs
URTIs (pharyngitis, otitis media)

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4
Q

Beta-lactam/Beta-lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

A

Zosyn/Timentin: Empiric therapy for nosocomial infxns
Augmentin: URTIs, LRTIs, UTIs
Mixed infxns d/t anaerobic activity (intra-abdominal, diabetic ulcers, aspiration pneumonia)

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5
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Skin and soft tissue infxns
Surgical prophylaxis (cefazolin)
Staph bloodstream infxns
Endocarditis (MSSA)

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6
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

URTIs
CAP
Gonorrhea
Surgical Prophylaxis (cefotetan, cefoxitin)

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7
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A
Lower respiratory tract infxns
Pyelonephritis
Nosocomial infxns (ceftazidime)
Lyme disease (ceftriaxone)
Meningitis
Skin/soft tissue infxns
Febrile neutropenia (ceftazidime)
Gonorrhea (ceftriaxone DOC)
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8
Q

4th Generation Cephalosporins

A

Febrile neutropenia

Nosocomial infxns

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9
Q

Anti-MRSA Cephalosporin

A

FDA approved for only skin and soft tissue infxn and CAP

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10
Q

Cephalosporin/Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

MDR pseudomonas infxns, mixed aerobic/anaerobic infxns, infxns caused by ESBL-producing organisms, intra-abdominal infxns
Ceftazidime/avibactam: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacaea infxns

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11
Q

Carbapenems

A

Mixred aerobic/anaerobic infxns, infxns caused by ESBL-producing organisms, intra-abdominal infxns
Imipenem, doripenem, meropenem: nosocomial infxn, febrile neutropenia

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12
Q

Monobactams

A

G- infxns including pseudomonas, particularly in pts w/hx of beta-lactam allergy

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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin indications

A
UTI
Intra-abdominal infxns
Systemic G- infxns
Pseudomonas infxns (+/- beta-lactam)
Bioterrorism treatment/prophylaxis
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14
Q

Levofloxacin

A
CAP, sinusitis, bronchitis
UTI
intra-abdominal infxns
Systemic G- infxns
Skin/soft tissue infxns
Pseudomonas infxns (+/- beta-lactam)
Bioterrorism treatment/prophylaxis
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15
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

CAP, sinusitis, bronchitis
intra-abdominal infxns
Systemic G- infxns
Skin/soft tissue infxns

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16
Q

Gemifloxacin

A

CAP, sinusitis, bronchitis

Skin/soft tissue infxns

17
Q

Macrolides and Ketolides

A
Respiratory tract infxns
Chlamydia
Atypical mycobacterial infxns
Traveler's diarrhea (azithro)
Clarithromycin is a key component in the treatment of H. pylori-induced GI ulcer disease, in combination with other drugs
18
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

In combination with a beta-lactam agent, treatment of serious infections with documented or suspected G- pathogens, including febrile neutropenia, sepsis, exacerbations of CF, and nosocomial pneumonia.
In combination with a beta-lactam or glycopeptides, for treatment of serious G+ infxns, including endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis
In combination with other antimycobacterials, for treatment of drug-resistant infxns with M. tuberculosis

19
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin is the drug of choice for MRSA infections and for empiric use where MRSA is a concern, such as nosocomial pneumonia.
Vancomycin is useful in other G+ infxns when the patient has a severe beta-lactam allergy.
Telavancin: place in therapy is still being determined, but FDA-approved for complicated skin/skin structure infections and hospital acquired pneumonia.
Dalbavancin, oritavancin: acute bacterial skin/skin structure infxns

20
Q

Cyclic lipopeptides

A

Skin and soft tissue infxns caused by resistant G+ organisms and staphylococcal bactermia, including right-sided endocarditis.
Has utility in enterococcal bacteremia, but is not indicated or well-studied for this use.
Used in osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infxns, and septic arthritis, but these are unlabeled in uses

21
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Linezolid: infxns caused by resistant G+ organisms such as VRE and MRSA, and nosocomial pneumonia or skin/soft tissue infxns
Tedizolid: skin/skin structure infections

22
Q

Streptogramins

A

Infections caused by E. faecium or MRSA in patients not responding to or intolerant of other medications

23
Q

Tetracyclines and glycylcyclines

A

Uncomplicated respiratory tract infxns
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
Sinusitis
CAP
DOC for many tick-borne diseases
Malaria prophylaxis and treatment
Tigecycline may have a role in the treatment of polymicrobial complicated infections (b/c of its spectrum)

24
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Infxns with documented or suspected abdominal anaerobic bacteria, with adjunctive coverage of aerobes by a second drug when necessary.
Treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis.
GI infections caused by susceptible protozoa (amebiasis, giardiases, etc.)
Mild-moderate C. difficile

25
Q

Lincosamides

A

Treatment of skin and soft-tissue infxns, infxns of oral cavity, anaerobic intra-abdominal infxns
Topically used for treatment of acne

26
Q

Nitrofurans and Fosfomycin

A

Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin: uncomplicated cystitis in patients with good renal fxn
Nitrofurantoin: prophylaxis against recurrent uncomplicated lower UTIs

27
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Treatment of uncomplicated UTIs (in areas with low local resistance); prophylaxis against recurrent UTIs
Treatment of Listeria meningitis
Treatment of and prophylaxis for pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia
Community acquired MRSA skin infxns
Sulfadiazine is used to treat toxoplasmosis

28
Q

Polymixins

A

Treatment of G- infxns resistant to all other drugs

29
Q

Fidamoxin

A

Clostrifium difficile-associated diarrhea