SS ENT head and neck cancer

Question 1

Enlarged left supraclavicular node might indicate what?

Answer 1

Gastric cancer

Question 2

Head and neck cancers are mostly which type?

Answer 2

SCC

Question 3

Risk factors (6)

Answer 3

Smoking
Alcohol
HPV (16)
Betel nuts
Hardwood
EBV

Question 4

Symptoms (11)

Answer 4

Ulceration
Sore throat
Earache
Swallowing difficulties
Weight loss
Unilateral secretion from nose
Unilateral glue ear in elderly
Bleeding from throat
Dysphonia >3weeks
Neurological (esp. CN)
Lump in neck

Question 5

Glue ear is likely to be cancer in which part of the pharynx?

Answer 5

Nasopharynx

Question 6

Sore throat, odynophagia or earache are likely to be cancer in which part of the pharynx?

Answer 6

Oropharynx

Question 7

Earache or dysphagia are likely to be cancer in which part of the pharynx?

Answer 7

Pyriform sinus (in the larynx)

Question 8

Neck lump in anyone >35yo should be considered…?

Answer 8

malignant until proven otherwise

Question 9

Which area of the neck is most likely to get secondary cervical metastases?

Answer 9

IIA and IIB 85% (III (50%)

Question 10

Oral cavity cancers present _____ and metastasise ____

Answer 10

Early

Early

Question 11

Laryngeal cancers present _____ and metastasise ____

Answer 11

early

late

Question 12

Tongue base, tonsil and hypopharyngeal cancers tend to present _____ with ______

Answer 12

Late

Nodal metastasis

Question 13

Investigations

Answer 13

US guided biopsy
MRI/CT staging scans
PET scan may be indicated (find primary)
TNM

Question 14

Do HPV cancers generally have a good or bad prognosis?

Answer 14

Good

Question 15

When is laryngectomy indicated?

Answer 15

If laryngeal tumour that obstructs the airway- stridor.

Question 16

What are laryngectomy patients given to allow them to speak?

Answer 16

a laryngeal airway