SS chapter 5 (1-5)

Question 1

A society that has developed arts, sciences, government, & social structure

Answer 1

civilization

Question 2

When did archaeologists begin finding (what?) artifacts in the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia

Answer 2

tablets, pottery, and ruins of cities….mid-19th century

Question 3

How have archaeologists been able to learn a lot about Sumer?

Answer 3

by studying artifacts

Question 4

Standard of Ur

Answer 4

• depicts scenes of war & peace
• can tell us about daily life in ancient Sumer
• made of wood
• decorated with pieces of shell & lapis lazuli

Question 5

lapis lazuli

Answer 5

a semiprecious blue stone

Question 6

What did Sumerians invent that is still used today

Answer 6

• a plow

- writing

Question 7

social structure

Answer 7

the way a civilization is organized

Question 8

technology

Answer 8

use of tools & other inventions for practical purposes

Question 9

powerful Sumerian city-states

Answer 9

• Ur
• Lagash (LAY-gash)
• Uruk (UH-ruhk)

Question 10

what characteristics make a society into a civilization?

Answer 10

• stable food supply
• social structure (different social levels & jobs)
• system of government (keeps society orderly)
• religious system (sets of beliefs & forms of worships)
• art, music, literature
• technology
• developed written langauge

Question 11

What 2 key things did the Sumerians invent to help them create a stable food supply

Answer 11

• complex irrigation system

- the plow

Question 12

complex irrigation system

Answer 12

network of canals, dams, & reservoirs to provide their crops with regular supply of water

Question 13

plow

Answer 13

tool used for tilling, or turning the soil to prepare it for planting

Question 14

What did the farmers use before plows were invented

Answer 14

animal horns and pointed sticks to poke holes in the earth

Question 15

first plow was made of ___ and pulled by ____?

Answer 15

wood….ox

Question 16

person who makes money by selling goods

Answer 16

merchant

Question 17

top level social structure

Answer 17

priests, landowners, government officials - most luxurious homes located in the center of the city

Question 18

middle level social structure

Answer 18

merchants & artisans (metal workers)

farmers & fishers

Question 19

metal worker used ____ to make ______

Answer 19

• gold, silver, tin, copper, bronze
• swords & arrowheads for the army
• tools (plows/hoes) for farmers
• luxury items (mirror/jewelry) for upper class

Question 20

bottom level social structure

Answer 20

slaves

Question 21

Sumerian City-states were ruled by ____ who were chosen by _____

Answer 21

kings…..g-ds

Question 22

obeying the will of the g-ds

Answer 22

One of the Sumerians’ strongest beliefs

Question 23

city-states needed ____because of what?

Answer 23

armies…constant fighting over land boundaries and use of water

Question 24

the King’s most important job

Answer 24

leading the army

Question 25

a person who writes and records the laws

Answer 25

scribe

Question 26

the ____were the first people to develop _____

Answer 26

Sumerians….a system of written laws