Chapter 8 (4-6) Flashcards
Pharaoh Senusret (SEHN-oss-ret) ruled when?
1971 - 1926 BCE
during the Middle Kingdom
What flourished during Senusret (SEN-oos-ret) reign?
Art
Literature
architecture
What was the Egyptian symbol of immortality, or eternal life
ankh
what was Pharaoh Senusret (SEHN-oss-ret) finest architectural achievement?
- White Chapel
- made of alabaster (small white stone)
- some historians thought it was covered in a thin layer of gold
What covered the White Chapel’s pillars?
- Beautiful artwork
- carved scenes showing the Pharaoh with g-ds
- birds, animals, and Egyptian symbols are also depicted
When did King Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) rule?
- 1473 - 1458 BCE
- during the New Kingdom
- first female pharaoh
What was King Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) known for?
- encouraging trade
- first female pharaoh
How did King Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) strengthen her position?
- filled her government with loyal advisors
- demanded respect
- sometimes dressed in mens’ clothing & fake beard
- spread stories that her father was a g-d
What was King Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) biggest trade expedition
- African kingdom of Punt, at the southern end of the Red Sea
- over 200 men in 5 ships brought gifts & trade goods
What was the Great Temple at Dayr al-Bahri (deer al BAH ray)
- a stunning monument of King Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) reign
- built into a cliff over the Nile River
- entrance had 2 tall, thin monuments called obelisks (OB·e·lisk)
- entrance also had 200 sphinx statues
what is sphinx?
mythical creature with a body of a lion and head of a man
What is Ramses (RAM-seez) II known as?
‘Ramses the Great”
- skilled as a military leader
- responsible for building many monuments
- most famous pharaoh
- reigned for more than 60 years
What is a treaty?
- a written agreement by which two or more states agree to peaceful relations
When did King Ramses (RAM-seez) II rule?
1290 - 1224 BCE
During the New Kingdom
How did Ramses (RAM-seez) II over use his power?
- had over 100 wives
- over 100 children
- hundreds of statues of himself made, some over 60 feet high
What was Ramses (RAM-seez) II most famous military campaign ?
- against the Hittite Empire in Anatolia (present day Turkey)
What did Ramses (RAM-seez) II and the Hittite Empire do first?
- signed the world’s first peace treaty
- lasted until the Hittite Empire fell in 1190 BCE
What was Ramses (RAM-seez) II greatest project?
- the temple complex at Abu Simbel
- main temple carved into a side of a cliff
- on the bank of the Nile River
- smaller temple honored his favorite wife, Nefertari
What framed the main temple at Abu Simbel?
- 4 giant statues of a seated Ramses
- carved right out of the rock face of the cliff
- finest examples of the artistic skill of the Egyptian sculptors
The main room inside the temple at Abu Simbel contained ____ and could do what?
- the main room’s alter contained a statue of Ramses II & 3 Egyptian g-ds
- twice a year, the sun would line up with the entrance and beams of light would shine down the halls and light up the statues
Who ordered the most temples and monuments to be built of themselves over all the other kings?
Ramses (RAM-seez) II, his mummy was one of the best preserved bodies ever found.
