SS Chapter 4

Question 1

Fertile Crescent small villages located in rolling hills and low plains is called what

Answer 1

Mesopotamia

Question 2

means land between the rivers

Answer 2

Greek word “Mesopotamia”

Question 3

two of the largest rivers of the Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia that flow from the mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf

Answer 3

Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

Question 4

Earliest cities in Mesopotamia date back to____and were like what with their own ruler & farmland?

Answer 4

3500 B.C.E…..small independent countries

Question 5

strong city walls were built of ____and surrounded by ____

Answer 5

sun baked bricks…..moats

Question 6

Paleolithic Age

Answer 6

2 million to 8000 B.C.E

Question 7

Neolithic Age

Answer 7

8000 to 3000 B.C.E.

Question 8

Sumerian City-States

Answer 8

3500 to 2300 B.C.E

Question 9

what affected where people settled in Mesopotamia

Answer 9

Geographic features such as climate, the Zagros Mountains, and the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Question 10

What part of Mesopotamia was hilly and received rain

Answer 10

northern Mesopotamia

Question 11

What part of Mesopotamia had low plains and flat land

Answer 11

southern Mesopotamia

Question 12

weeds that grow near rivers

Answer 12

reeds

Question 13

what were the 4 major challenges making it hard to survive in the Mesopotamia environment?

Answer 13

• food shortages in the hills
• uncontrolled water supply on the plains
• difficulties in building & maintaining systems that provided water across village boundaries
• attacks by neighboring communities

Question 14

irrigation

Answer 14

supplying land with water

Question 15

levee

Answer 15

wall of earth built to prevent a river from flooding its banks

Question 16

Why did Sumer farmers struggle to raise crops?

Answer 16

uncontrolled water supply & dramatic seasonal changes

Question 17

Over time, Sumerians learned 2 ways to control the water supply:

Answer 17

1) dug canals to shape the path the water took
2) constructed dams along the river to block the water and force it to collect in pools they built (called reservoirs) for later use.

Question 18

ideal place to farm in Northern Mesopotamia

Answer 18

Zagros foothills - mild weather / plentiful rains

Question 19

Why did Mesopotamia population grow dramatically?

Answer 19

1) plenty of stones for tool making
2) mild weather for farming
3) lots of timber for building shelters

Question 20

When did Zagros villages begin to suffer from food shortages?

Answer 20

5000 BCE

Question 21

Where is Sumer?

Answer 21

area in southern Mesopotamia where cities first appeared

Question 22

fine particles of rock

Answer 22

silt

Question 23

Miles of canals forced the farmers to do what?

Answer 23

They connected farmers and forced them to work together.

Question 24

Between what years did Sumer villages become cities and populations grow to several thousand people?

Answer 24

3500 - 3000 BCE

Question 25

stele

Answer 25

upright slab of stone inscribed with letters & pictures to depict important events

Question 26

city-state

Answer 26

an early city that was like a small, independent country with its own laws and government

Question 27

what did Sumerians fight over as they grew in size?

Answer 27

water