Squill aqusistion year 2

Question 1

What is Atkinson and shiffrens multi-store memory model

Answer 1

3 stages of remembering
Encoding - conservation into codes
Storage- retention of info
Retrieval - recovering the information

Question 2

What is encoding

Answer 2

the processing of information into the memory system

Question 3

What is chunking

Answer 3

Different pieces of information can be grouped (or chunked) together and then remembered as one piece of information

Question 4

What does Atkinsons and shiffrens multi store memory model look like

Answer 4

Sensory memory—> short term memory——> rehearsal <——- retrieval——> long term menory

Question 5

Short-term sensory stores

Answer 5

Stored for short period of time and filtered
Selective attention takes place

Question 6

What is selective attention

Answer 6

Relevant info is filtered through into the short term memory and irrelevant info is lost or forgotten

Question 7

What is the short term memory

Answer 7

‘Working memory’
Limited info can be stored
7 pieces of info
Held for about 30 seconds
important info encoded to LTM, irrelevant is forgotten

Question 8

What is the long term memory

Answer 8

Almost limitless capacity
Holds info for long periods of time
Meaningless items not stored for long time
motor programmes stored here

Question 9

Advantages of multi-store memory model

Answer 9

1- simplifies memory process to aid understanding
2- explains how those with brain damage have dysfunctional memory

Question 10

Disadvantages of multi-store memory model

Answer 10

1- too simplified- doesn’t explain why we remember different types of into
2- doesn’t provide difference between STM AND LTM

Question 11

What is Craig and Lockhart levels of processing model

Answer 11

Used to Explain how memory works - opposed multi-store menory model

Aims to explain what we do with the info rather then how it is stored

info is CONSIDERED
UNDERSTOOD
HAD MEANING (related to past memories)

Question 12

What is memory trace

Answer 12

When the brain cells retain or store information

Question 13

How can memory be improved

Answer 13

Rehearsal
Meaningfulness
Association
Avoiding overload
Organise information

Question 14

advantages of levels of processing

Answer 14

1- explains if we understand, we are more likely to remember
2- explains the longer we analyse info, the more we remember

Question 15

Disadvantages of levels of processing

Answer 15

1- difficult to define deep processing
2- doesn’t take into account individual differences

Question 16

What are attributions

Answer 16

The perceived causes of particular outcome

Question 17

What is weiners model of attribution

Answer 17

Internal - ability (stable) and effort (unstable)
External - task difficulty (stable) and luck (unstable

Question 18

negatives of weiners model

Answer 18

not specific for sport

Question 19

what happens to sports performers who attribute their failure to external causes- (self serving bias)

Answer 19

not as successful as performers who take accountability for failure

Question 20

What is learned helplessness

Answer 20

the belief that failure is inevitable

Question 21

What is mastery orientation

Answer 21

An individual is motivated to become and expert. - Attribute failure to internal, controllable and unstable factors like effort.

Question 22

What is weiners model

Answer 22

where the attributions come from- locus of causality

and

whether hey are stable or not- locus of stability

Question 23

What is sport confidence

Answer 23

The belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport

Question 24

What is self- efficacy

Answer 24

the self- confidence we have in specific situations

Question 25

What is self-esteem

Answer 25

the feelings of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel

Question 26

How does sports confidence have an impact on sports performance

Answer 26

if you have high confidence- more motivated to achieve and more likely= to make decisions that will have positive outcome

Question 27

What is retrieval

Answer 27

the process of recovering info stored in the memory

Question 28

What is sensory memory

Answer 28

stimuli enter brain from environment

selective attention - filtering of relevant and irrelevant stimuli

0.5 of a second

sense specifc