Squad Flashcards Chapter 11 - The Civil War
Winfield Scott
Original commander of Union forces, devised Anaconda Plan, old and overweight, criticized for plan that eventually crush Confederacy
George McClellan
Union General, Army of the Potomac, didn’t chase Lee in Maryland, relieved of duties in 1862, Democrat candidate in 1864
Ambrose Burnside
Union - Fought Antietam, offered command after McClellan, known for Mexican War
Joseph Hooker?
Union - fought Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg,, took over after Ambrose, resigned June 1863?
George Meade
West Point graduate, Army of the Potomac (Union), won Gettysburg, but didn’t chase Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
Mexican War under Gen Zachary Taylor;
Illinois regiment - Union;
Fort Henry and Donelson – “no terms- unconditional ;surrender”;
Shiloh – “I can’t spare this man, he fights”;
Vicksburg;
March 1864 – in charge of Union army
Winfield Scott Hancock
Graduated West Point – 1844;
Antietam, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor - Union
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
College professor;
20th Maine (in charge of) - Union;
Antietam and Fredericksburg;
Gettysburg – Little Round Top (best known for decision ;here; saved entire left flank of Union forces);
Died from wounds at St. Petersburg (15 yrs afterwards)
Joseph E. Johnston
Perhaps most capable CSA (Confederate States of America) general Excellent tactician -- Bull Run Commander of Army of Northern Virginia At odds with Pres. Davis Wounded at Seven Pines -- spring 1862
Bobbie Lee
2nd at West Point – no demerits;
“Granny Lee”;
had to discipline a couple soldiers and some people; thought that he was too nice;
Seven Days Battle – “Uncle Robert”/”Marse” Robert;
Invasion of North (#goals)
James Longstreet
Bull Run; Valued by Joseph Johnston “Old War Horse”/”Old Pete”; Disagreed with Lee regarding Vicksburg and Gettysburg; Became Republican
Thomas J. Jackson
Manassas -- “Stonewall”; Attack at Kernstown -- Sunday -- extremely religious man and it bothered him that he had to fight on Sunday; Chancellorsville -- spring 1864; Wounded by guards (by own person) - “I have lost my right arm” -- Lee
George E. Pickett
Classmates of Jackson & McClellan;
Seven Day’s Campaign & Fredericksburg;
“Pickett’s Charge”;
“Sir, I have no division”
Lewis Armistead
2nd Bull Run Fredericksburg;
PIckett’s Charge - Only force to reach Union lines - “The Angle”
Irish Brigade
New York volunteers;
Thomas Meagher;
At the front – highest casualty rate
Zouaves
Originally North African troops in French Army;
Uniform style adopted by several units;
Volunteers from PA and they liked the zouaves groovy outfits
54th Massachusetts
First African American regiment
Ft. Wagner – summer 1863 – Hilton Head, SC
Equipment
Wool uniforms (not standard until 1863), bayonet musket w/cartridge, canteen, blankets, mess
Muskets
Smoothbore -- accurate to 300 ft; later - New Technology: Rifled -- longer range, Percussion -- cap, not pan of gunpowder, Springfield vs British Enfield, Minie ball (grooves, conical, bouncy)
Cavalry
Breech-loading carbine repeaters from Sharps, Colt/Remington revolver, sword
Heavy Artillery
South had only one factory;
Federals – 4000 +;
Battery – 6 weapons;
Gun – longer barrel, large charge, solid;
Howitzer – shorter barrel, smaller charge, shot or shell
Organization
Company (25-40 men) Regiment (10) Brigade (3-5) Division (2-4) Corp (2-3) Ranks of 2 lines 30 inches apart
Napoleonic Tactics
Taught at West Point; Basic Concepts: Mass infantry, Artillery support, Cavalry attacks, Location was objective; Based on smoothbore musket - Cannot load while advancing
Tactical adjustments (since Napoleonic was failing)
flanking/refusing line, small groups, cavalry/artillery buffs
