Squad Flashcards Chapter 11 - The Civil War

Question 1

Winfield Scott

Answer 1

Original commander of Union forces, devised Anaconda Plan, old and overweight, criticized for plan that eventually crush Confederacy

Question 2

George McClellan

Answer 2

Union General, Army of the Potomac, didn’t chase Lee in Maryland, relieved of duties in 1862, Democrat candidate in 1864

Question 3

Ambrose Burnside

Answer 3

Union - Fought Antietam, offered command after McClellan, known for Mexican War

Question 4

Joseph Hooker?

Answer 4

Union - fought Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg,, took over after Ambrose, resigned June 1863?

Question 5

George Meade

Answer 5

West Point graduate, Army of the Potomac (Union), won Gettysburg, but didn’t chase Lee

Question 6

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 6

Mexican War under Gen Zachary Taylor;
Illinois regiment - Union;
Fort Henry and Donelson – “no terms- unconditional ;surrender”;
Shiloh – “I can’t spare this man, he fights”;
Vicksburg;
March 1864 – in charge of Union army

Question 7

Winfield Scott Hancock

Answer 7

Graduated West Point – 1844;

Antietam, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor - Union

Question 8

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain

Answer 8

College professor;
20th Maine (in charge of) - Union;
Antietam and Fredericksburg;
Gettysburg – Little Round Top (best known for decision ;here; saved entire left flank of Union forces);
Died from wounds at St. Petersburg (15 yrs afterwards)

Question 9

Joseph E. Johnston

Answer 9

Perhaps most capable CSA (Confederate States of America) general
Excellent tactician -- Bull Run 
Commander of Army of Northern Virginia
At odds with Pres. Davis
Wounded at Seven Pines -- spring 1862

Question 10

Bobbie Lee

Answer 10

2nd at West Point – no demerits;
“Granny Lee”;
had to discipline a couple soldiers and some people; thought that he was too nice;
Seven Days Battle – “Uncle Robert”/”Marse” Robert;
Invasion of North (#goals)

Question 11

James Longstreet

Answer 11

Bull Run;
Valued by Joseph Johnston
“Old War Horse”/”Old Pete”;
Disagreed with Lee regarding Vicksburg and Gettysburg;
Became Republican

Question 12

Thomas J. Jackson

Answer 12

Manassas -- “Stonewall”;
Attack at Kernstown -- Sunday --
extremely religious man and it bothered him that he had to fight on Sunday;
Chancellorsville -- spring 1864;
Wounded by guards (by own person) - 
“I have lost my right arm” -- Lee

Question 13

George E. Pickett

Answer 13

Classmates of Jackson & McClellan;
Seven Day’s Campaign & Fredericksburg;
“Pickett’s Charge”;
“Sir, I have no division”

Question 14

Lewis Armistead

Answer 14

2nd Bull Run Fredericksburg;

PIckett’s Charge - Only force to reach Union lines - “The Angle”

Question 15

Irish Brigade

Answer 15

New York volunteers;
Thomas Meagher;
At the front – highest casualty rate

Question 16

Zouaves

Answer 16

Originally North African troops in French Army;
Uniform style adopted by several units;
Volunteers from PA and they liked the zouaves groovy outfits

Question 17

54th Massachusetts

Answer 17

First African American regiment

Ft. Wagner – summer 1863 – Hilton Head, SC

Question 18

Equipment

Answer 18

Wool uniforms (not standard until 1863), bayonet musket w/cartridge, canteen, blankets, mess

Question 19

Muskets

Answer 19

Smoothbore -- accurate to 300 ft; 
later - New Technology:
Rifled -- longer range,
Percussion -- cap, not pan of gunpowder,
Springfield vs British Enfield,
Minie ball (grooves, conical, bouncy)

Question 20

Cavalry

Answer 20

Breech-loading carbine repeaters from Sharps, Colt/Remington revolver, sword

Question 21

Heavy Artillery

Answer 21

South had only one factory;
Federals – 4000 +;
Battery – 6 weapons;
Gun – longer barrel, large charge, solid;
Howitzer – shorter barrel, smaller charge, shot or shell

Question 22

Organization

Answer 22

Company (25-40 men)
Regiment (10)
Brigade (3-5)
Division (2-4)
Corp (2-3)
Ranks of 2 lines 30 inches apart

Question 23

Napoleonic Tactics

Answer 23

Taught at West Point;
Basic Concepts:
Mass infantry,
Artillery support,
Cavalry attacks,
Location was objective; Based on smoothbore musket - 
Cannot load while advancing

Question 24

Tactical adjustments (since Napoleonic was failing)

Answer 24

flanking/refusing line, small groups, cavalry/artillery buffs

Question 25

“Game changers”

Answer 25

railroads - resupply/reinforce; telegraph (corps)

Question 26

Odds and ends - first modern war

Answer 26

first: pistol cartridges, repeaters, ironclad ships; more war innovations than others combined; still had smoothbore and mass troops

Question 27

Odds and ends - political changes

Answer 27

Draft, 1st Amendment and Habeas Corpus suspended, Emancipation Proclamation, 13th Amendment (slavery), Legal Tender Act, Homestead Act, Morrill Tariff

Question 28

Odds and ends - economic changes

Answer 28

North - grows w/ industry — South declines;
African Americans moved west or stayed in South;
South struggled to rebuild, Sherman’s march (Sherman marches across South to Atlantic w/ total war policy); little immigration to struggling south

Question 29

Wilmer McLean

Answer 29

“started in backyard, ended in parlor”