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social studies > Spring Semester Exam > Flashcards

Spring Semester Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

in ancient Rome, a person who fought people or animals for public entertainment

A

Gladiator

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2
Q

verse or prose that pokes fun at human weakness

A

Satire

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3
Q

Arena that would hold 60,000 people

A

Colosseum

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4
Q

Temple built to honor all of Rome’s gods

A

Pantheon

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5
Q

Curved ceiling made by building arches next to each other

A

Vault

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6
Q

____ moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople

A

Constantine

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7
Q

In A.D. 378, the visigoths fought and defeated the Roman legions at _____

A

The Battle of Adrianople

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8
Q

Wants to have the Roman Empire divided into two separate empires after his death

A

Theodosius

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9
Q

motifs or images created by an arrangement of colored glass or stone

A

Mosaics

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10
Q

Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed the city _____.

A

Constantinople

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11
Q

Legal scholar who worked to create a new code of laws

A

Tribonian

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12
Q

Arguably the greatest of the Byzantine emperors; served from 527 - 565 A.D.

A

Justinian

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13
Q

Helped Byzantine women win more legal rights

A

Theodora

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14
Q

General who strengthened the Byzantine army

A

Belisarius

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15
Q

A story that uses everyday life events to teach a religious message

A

Parable

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16
Q

One of the first 12 followers of Jesus

A

Apostle

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17
Q

_____ was an important Christian apostle

A

Paul of Tarsus

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18
Q

The act of rising from the dead

A

Resurrection

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19
Q

Being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven

A

Salvation

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20
Q

An organization with different levels of authority

A

Hierarchy

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21
Q

Official church teaching

A

Doctrine

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22
Q

Regular church members

A

Laity

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23
Q

The Emperor Constantine issued the _____

A

Edict of Milan

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24
Q

He was one of successors; an emperor of the Roman Empire

A

Theodosius

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25
Q

Church officials

A

Clergy

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26
Q

A person who is willing to die for his or her beliefs

A

Martyr

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27
Q

A representation of an object of worship

A

Icon

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28
Q

“Image Breaker”

A

Iconoclasts

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29
Q

To declare a person, or group, no longer a member of the Church

A

Excommunicate

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30
Q

A separation or division from a church

A

Schism

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31
Q

The _____ created their own Christian church that became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church

A

Byzantines

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32
Q

The Greek bishop Basil created a list of rules for monks and nuns known as the _____, this list told people how to live and pray in Eastern Orthodox monasteries and convents

A

Basilian Rule

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33
Q

An Italian monk named Benedict wrote these rules about A.D. 529

A

Benedictine Rule

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34
Q

He wrote the “City of God”

A

St. Augustine

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35
Q

The title given to the Bishop of Rome

A

Pope

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36
Q

Steep-sided valley that is an inlet to the sea

A

Fjord

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37
Q

An agreement between the Pope and the ruler of a country

A

Concordat

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38
Q

After defeating a Muslim army at the Battle of Tours, this “Mayor of the Palace” earned the nickname, “The Hammer”

A

Charles Martel

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39
Q

In 732, Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the _____

A

Battle of Tours

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40
Q

he valued education, so he established schools in his empire

A

Charlemagne

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41
Q

Vikings launched raids from their homeland in _____

A

Scandinavia

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42
Q

In the 400s, a Christian priest named _____ traveled to Ireland where he spread Christianity and founded churches and monasteries

A

St. Patrick

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43
Q

an agreement where only the pope could choose bishops, but only the king or emperor could give them government posts

A

Concordat of Worms

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44
Q

A new Medieval social order based on land ownership

A

Feudalism

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45
Q

Noble who served a lord of a higher rank

A

Vassal

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46
Q

Grant of land to a vassal

A

Fief

47
Q

A warrior in armor that fights on horseback

A

Knight

48
Q

Peasants

A

Serf

49
Q

Medieval business groups

A

Guild

50
Q

the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood

A

Chivalry

51
Q

a center of trade on Europe’s northern coast

A

Flanders

52
Q

Determines whether a person should be accused of a crime

A

Grand Jury

53
Q

Determined whether a person was guilty or innocent

A

Trial Jury

54
Q

Region of northern France named for the Norsemen who ruled it

A

Normandy

55
Q

_____ ruled England as well as most of Wales, and Ireland

A

King Henry II

56
Q

Edward I, king of England in the late 1200s, increased the authority of his council who were known as _____

A

parliament

57
Q

The Byzantine emperor asked _____ for military aid to save his Christian empire from Muslim forces and the pope agreed to help

A

Pope Urban II

58
Q

In 1095, the pope asked Europe’s nobles to begin a _____, or holy war, against the Muslim Turks

A

The Crusades

59
Q

In 1174, led by a brilliant general named _____, Muslims recaptured Jerusalem

A

Saladin

60
Q

Religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings

A

Heresy

61
Q

Hatred of Jews

A

Anti-Semitism

62
Q

A way of thinking that used reason to explore questions of faith

A

Scholasticism

63
Q

The local language used by people of a region

A

Vernacular

64
Q

Early medieval churches were _____, a style that combined the features of Roman and Byzantine buildings

A

Romanesque Cathedrals

65
Q

The first scholastic thinker was _____, who served as archbishop of Canterbury in England from 1093 to 1109. _____ became known for his reasoning about the existence of God.

A

St. Anselm

66
Q

In the 1200s, an Italian Dominican friar named ______ became scholasticism’s greatest thinker

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

67
Q

Thomas Aquinas’s major work was the _____, or a summary of knowledge on theology

A

Summa Theologica

68
Q

One famous nun Between a.d. 1000 and 1200 was _____. She was the abbess, or leader, of a convent in Germany and wrote music for the church.

A

Hildegard of Bingen

69
Q

A disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people

A

Plague

70
Q

The Christian struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims

A

Reconquista

71
Q

_____, as the disease was known, was probably bubonic plague. This illness is caused by a type of bacteria spread by fleas. Rats carry the fleas

A

The Black Death

72
Q

Merchants used the _____ and other trade routes. _____ linked Asia and Europe

A

The Silk Road

73
Q

The _____ War was between England and France

A

The Hundred Years War

74
Q

This French peasant girl was made a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church

A

Joan of Arc

75
Q

In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade against them

A

Muslims

76
Q

The _____ tried and tortured thousands of people who were accused of being disloyal to the Catholic Church in Spain

A

The Spanish Inquisition

77
Q

A renewal of interest in Greek and Roman culture and arts

A

Renaissance

78
Q

Related to worldly things

A

Secular

79
Q

A soldier who fights for money rather than loyalty to a country

A

Mercenary

80
Q

The art of making peaceful agreements with other countries

A

Diplomacy

81
Q

The ruler of an Italian city-state

A

Doge

82
Q

Belief in the worth of the individual

A

Humanism

83
Q

A leading family in Florence during the Renaissance

A

The Medici Family

84
Q

This Italian writer believed that rulers should do whatever is necessary to keep power. Including lying and cheating.

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

85
Q

This Renaissance artist painted the fresco, “The School of Athens”

A

Raphael Sanzio

86
Q

This Renaissance author wrote, “The Divine Comedy,” describing a person’s journey from hell to Heaven

A

Dante Alighieri

87
Q

This author wrote, “The Canterbury Tales,” a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a religious journey

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

88
Q

He is responsible for creating a printing press with movable metal type

A

Johannes Gutenberg

89
Q

This Renaissance artist was also a scientist and inventor

A

Leonardo da Vinci

90
Q

This famous Renaissance artist painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican in Rome

A

Michelangelo

91
Q

This German artist was known for his engravings

A

Albrecht Durer

92
Q

The greatest English playwright

A

William Shakespeare

93
Q

The Flemish painter Jan van Eyck was skilled in using oils; one of his best-known paintings is The Arnolfini Portrait

A

Jan van Eyck

94
Q

a religious movement that produced a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism

A

Reformation

95
Q

_____ were a certificate issued by the church

A

Indulgences

96
Q

a religious belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven and who will not

A

Predestination

97
Q

Young monk who challenged the Catholic Church, eventually starting a new religion

A

Martin Luther

98
Q

Spread the idea of Prostestantism across Northern Europe

A

John Calvin

99
Q

Under its terms, each German ruler—whether Catholic or Lutheran—could decide the religion of his people

A

The Peace of Augsburg

100
Q

a form of Christianity

A

Protestantism

101
Q

Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 to 1547

A

King Henry VIII

102
Q

The _____ became known as the Anglican Church

A

The Church of England

103
Q

the Protestant daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, took the throne as _____ after her half-sister Mary died. She restored the Anglican Church

A

Queen Elizabeth I

104
Q

A special school for training and educating priests

A

Seminary

105
Q

Tried to end the conflict between Catholics and Protestants after becoming king of France

A

Henry of Navarre

106
Q

A Catholic Council met in Trent, Italy to decide how to reform their church

A

The Council of Trent

107
Q

A Spanish nobleman and soldier responsible for founding the “Society of Jesus” (the Jesuits)

A

St. Ignatius of Loyola & Jesuits

108
Q

A Spanish nun who became known for her spiritual writings

A

Teresa of Avila

109
Q

Wanted to unite Spain and make them all Catholic

A

Ferdinand & Isabella

110
Q

The writer _____ wrote the novel Don Quixote, about a comical knight and his peasant servant.

A

Miguel Cervantes

111
Q

When Spain tried to invade England in 1588, English ships and a storm stopped the _____

A

The Spanish Armada

112
Q

Wealthy French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin

A

Huguenots

113
Q

The _____ began when Protestants in Bohemia rebelled against their Catholic king

A

The Thirty Years War

114
Q

In 1648, the warring nations signed the _____

A

The Peace of Westphalia

social studies (9 decks)

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