Chapter 19 Sections 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
what role did monasteries and convents play during the Middle Ages?
taught carpentry taught weaving they acted as hospitals acted as schools they preserved early christian writings preserved writings of the Greeks and Romans they created illuminated books
William the Conqueror’s officials and nobles in England spoke _____.
French
After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, _____ was crowned king of England.
William
In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, to be launched against the _____.
Muslim Turks
The _____ helped establish the idea that people have rights and the power of government should be limited.
Magna Carta
Under Henry II English _____ was established.
Common Law
Between 800 and 900 A.D. Europe was invaded by Vikings, Muslims, and _____.
Magyars
The Viking people came from _____ in northern Europe.
Scandinavia
Charles Martel’s nickname was, “_____.”
The Hammer
Seas and rivers were important in Europe because they provided safety and opportunities for _____.
trade
The horse-collar and the _____ were two important farming inventions in the Middle Ages that made turning over soil easier.
two-wheeled plow
The _____ were a Germanic group that settled in an area today known as France.
Franks
The _____ was an agreement that allowed kings to give bishops government jobs but did now allow them to choose bishops in their territory.
Concordat of Worms
_____ was the first Frankish king to become Christian.
Clovis
Under _____, landowning nobles governed and protected other nobles and the people in return for services.
feudalism
Charlemagne was the first Frankish king to believe in _____ for all people.
education
_____ ruled over territory that became known as the Holy Roman Empire.
Otto I
_____became pope when the church was at the height of its power.
Innocent III
The _____ was a list of ways knights were expected to behave.
Code of Chivalry
In the Middle Ages the central building of every castle was called a _____.
keep
By 100 A.D., _____ became a major trading center in the Mediterranean Sea.
Venice
steep-sided valleys that are inlets to the sea.
fjord
people who are sent out to teach their religion.
missionary
an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country.
concordat
to exclude a person from Church membership.
excommunicate
a new social order based on land ownership.
feudalism
warriors in armor who fought on horseback.
knight
noble who served a lord of a higher rank.
vassal
determines whether a person should be accused of a crime.
grand jury
business groups
guilds
grant of land to a vassal.
fiefs
peasants
serfs
a region of northern France named for the Norsemen who ruined it.
normandy
