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Anatomy > SPR L7 Hip Joint and Gluteal Region > Flashcards

SPR L7 Hip Joint and Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Learning Outcomes

For general perusal

A
  • Describe the anatomy of the hip joint
  • Describe and demonstrate the movements of the lower limb at the hip joint
  • Identify the muscles of the gluteal region and describe the function of these muscles
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2
Q

The Hip Joint - What will be covered (for general perusal)

A
  • Classification of the joint
  • Articular surfaces
  • Joint stability
  • Arterial supply
  • Nerve supply
  • Range of movement
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3
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?

A
  • lunate surface of the acetabulum (arrows)
  • the head of the femur
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4
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint covered with?

A

hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

Which ligament do the arrows indicate? (see picture)

Where does this ligament run from and to?

What does this ligament transmit?

A

The ligament of the head of femur

this ligament runs between the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament and the fovea capitis on the head of the femur.

The artery of the head of femur (a branch of the obturator artery)

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6
Q

What is the artery of the head of femur a branch of?

A

The obturator artery

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7
Q

What does the arrow indicate in the picture?

A

The transverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

What does the arrow point to in the picture?

A

The intact ligament of the head of femur

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9
Q

What surrounds the hip joint?

What gives rise to the ligaments of the hip joint?

A

a fibrous capsule

thickened regions of this fibrous capsule

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10
Q

Joint Stability

Which ligaments give stability to the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
    • this y-shaped ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
  • Ischiofemoral ligament (seen posteriorly)
  • Pubofemoral ligament
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11
Q
  1. Where does the HIP JOINT recieve arterial supply from?
  2. What do these vessels arise from?
A
  1. Medial and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries
  2. Arise as branches from the Profunda Femoris Artery
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12
Q

Where does the hip joint recieve INNERVATION from?

A
  • Sciatic Nerve
  • Femoral Nerve
  • Obturator Nerve
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13
Q

What are the range of movements that take place at the hip joint?

A
  • Flexion and Extension
  • Abbduction and Adduction
  • Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation
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14
Q

Demonstrate flexion and extension of the hip joint

A
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15
Q

Demonstrate Abduction and Adduction of the hip joint

A
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16
Q

Demonstrate Medial and Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

17
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  • Gluteus maximus m.
  • Gluteus medius m.
  • Gluteus minimus m.
  • Piriformis m. (pyramidal shaped muscle)
  • Superior and Inferior Gemelli mm
  • Quadratus Femoris m.
18
Q
  1. What is the most superficial muscle within the gluteal region?
  2. What is it’s action?
A
  1. The Gluteus Maximus M.
  2. A powerful extensor of the lower limb
19
Q

Which muscle lies deep to Gluteus Maximus M.?

A

Gluteus Medius M.

20
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus M.?

A

Extends Thigh (especially from flexed position)

Assists in lateral rotation

steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

21
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region

(for general perusal)

22
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius M?

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weightbearing and advance opposite (un- supported) side during its swing phase

23
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Minimus M?

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (un- supported) side during its swing phase

24
Q

Clinical Relevance: Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus Muscles

  1. What is an important function of these muscles?
  2. What does image C show?
A
  1. will keep the pelvis level when the lower limb at the same side of the body is weight-bearing, thereby preventing pelvic drop as seen in the picture
  2. Image C shows pelvic drop following paralysis of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus mm.
25
Q

What is the action of the piriformis m?

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

steady femoral head in acetabulum

26
Q

The Sciatic Nerve

Where does this nerve normally emerge?

A

The sciatic nerve (L4,5; S1,2,3) normally emerges into the gluteal region inferior to the piriformis muscle

27
Q

What is the action of the

Superior Gemellus M

Obturator Internis M

Inferior Gemellus M

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

steady femoral head in acetabulum

28
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus Femoris M?

A

Laterally rotates thigh

steadies femoral head in acetabulum

29
Q

How many lateral rotators of the thigh are there?

List them

What else do these muscles act to do?

A

Six

  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior and inferior gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator externus

Stabilise the hip joint

30
Q

Summary - What was covered

(for general perusal)

A
  • The anatomy of the hip joint
  • The muscles of the gluteal region and the function of these muscles

Anatomy (10 decks)

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