SPR L7 Hip Joint and Gluteal Region Flashcards
Learning Outcomes
For general perusal
- Describe the anatomy of the hip joint
- Describe and demonstrate the movements of the lower limb at the hip joint
- Identify the muscles of the gluteal region and describe the function of these muscles
The Hip Joint - What will be covered (for general perusal)
- Classification of the joint
- Articular surfaces
- Joint stability
- Arterial supply
- Nerve supply
- Range of movement
What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?
- lunate surface of the acetabulum (arrows)
- the head of the femur
What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint covered with?
hyaline cartilage
Which ligament do the arrows indicate? (see picture)
Where does this ligament run from and to?
What does this ligament transmit?
The ligament of the head of femur
this ligament runs between the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament and the fovea capitis on the head of the femur.
The artery of the head of femur (a branch of the obturator artery)
What is the artery of the head of femur a branch of?
The obturator artery
What does the arrow indicate in the picture?
The transverse acetabular ligament
What does the arrow point to in the picture?
The intact ligament of the head of femur
What surrounds the hip joint?
What gives rise to the ligaments of the hip joint?
a fibrous capsule
thickened regions of this fibrous capsule
Joint Stability
Which ligaments give stability to the hip joint?
-
Iliofemoral ligament
- this y-shaped ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
- Ischiofemoral ligament (seen posteriorly)
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Where does the HIP JOINT recieve arterial supply from?
- What do these vessels arise from?
- Medial and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries
- Arise as branches from the Profunda Femoris Artery
Where does the hip joint recieve INNERVATION from?
- Sciatic Nerve
- Femoral Nerve
- Obturator Nerve
What are the range of movements that take place at the hip joint?
- Flexion and Extension
- Abbduction and Adduction
- Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation
Demonstrate flexion and extension of the hip joint
Demonstrate Abduction and Adduction of the hip joint
Demonstrate Medial and Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint
What are the muscles of the gluteal region?
- Gluteus maximus m.
- Gluteus medius m.
- Gluteus minimus m.
- Piriformis m. (pyramidal shaped muscle)
- Superior and Inferior Gemelli mm
- Quadratus Femoris m.
- What is the most superficial muscle within the gluteal region?
- What is it’s action?
- The Gluteus Maximus M.
- A powerful extensor of the lower limb
Which muscle lies deep to Gluteus Maximus M.?
Gluteus Medius M.
What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus M.?
Extends Thigh (especially from flexed position)
Assists in lateral rotation
steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
Muscles of the gluteal region
(for general perusal)
What is the action of the Gluteus Medius M?
Abduct and medially rotate thigh
keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weightbearing and advance opposite (un- supported) side during its swing phase
Clinical Relevance: Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus Muscles
- What is an important function of these muscles?
- What does image C show?
- will keep the pelvis level when the lower limb at the same side of the body is weight-bearing, thereby preventing pelvic drop as seen in the picture
- Image C shows pelvic drop following paralysis of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus mm.
What is the action of the piriformis m?
Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
The Sciatic Nerve
Where does this nerve normally emerge?
The sciatic nerve (L4,5; S1,2,3) normally emerges into the gluteal region inferior to the piriformis muscle
What is the action of the
Superior Gemellus M
Obturator Internis M
Inferior Gemellus M
Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
What is the action of the Quadratus Femoris M?
Laterally rotates thigh
steadies femoral head in acetabulum
