Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > AUT Head and Neck Anatomy DR Week 6-8 > Flashcards

AUT Head and Neck Anatomy DR Week 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones in the calvarium?

A

Frontal Bone
Parietal Bones
Occipital Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What other osteological features does the calvarium have?

A

Coronal Suture
Sagittal Suture
Lambdoid Suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name for the point at which the Coronal and Sagittal suture meet anteriorly called?
What else lies here in infancy?

A

Bregma

Anterior Fontanelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the name for the point at which the Sagittal and Lambdoid sutures meet posteriorly?
What else lies here in infancy?

A

Lambda

Posterior Fontanelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the osteological features of the frontal bone?

A

Superciliary Arches
Supraorbital Margin
Glabella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the osteological features of the Zygomatic Bone?

A

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the osteological features of the Temporal Bone?

A 
Zygomatic process of temporal bone 
Superior and Inferior Temporal Lines
External Acoustic Meatus
Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Squamous Suture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the osteological features of the maxilla?

A

Hard palate

Infraorbital Foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What exits the infraorbital foramina?

A

The Infraorbital Nerve, a branch of the Maxillary division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Vb).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the osteological features of the occipital bone?

A

Occipital condyles
External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where the the region known as the pterion?

What runs directly behind it?

A

This is where the parietal, frontal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet (lateral aspect of the skull).
The middle meningeal artery runs behind the pterion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What bones make up the orbit?

A

Frontal, Greater wing of the sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla (NOTE: palatine bone also contributes to the formation of the orbit - between maxilla and ethmoid).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What openings are within the orbit?

A

Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Inferior Orbital Fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Nasion?

A

The intersection between the frontal bone and the two nasal bones. Just inferior to the glabella. Depressed area between the eyes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Inion?

A

Most prominent part of the external occipital protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What runs through the supraorbital notch?

A

The supraorbital nerve from the ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal Nerv (Va)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are the superciliary arches?

A

Part of the frontal bone. It forms the separation between the forehead portion itself (the squama frontalis) and the roof of the eye sockets (the pars orbitalis). Normally, in humans, the ridges arch over each eye = mechanical protection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the layers of the Scalp?

A 
S - Skin
C - Connective Tissue
A - Aponeruosis (of Occipitofrontalis)
L - Loose Areolar Connective Tissue
P - Pericranium (periosteum)

Then BONE, Dura, Arachnoid and Pia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

From which blood vessel does the middle meningeal artery arise?

A

Maxillary artery from the External Carotid Artery. (Maxillary artery is a terminal branch of the Ext.Carotid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Discuss the middle meningeal artery course.

A

Branches off the Maxillary Artery in the Infratemporal Fossa, runs through Foramen Spinosum into the Middle Cranial Fossa and supplies the Dura Mater and the Calvarium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the base of the skull?

A

Through the Foramen Spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the branches of the middle meningeal artery?

A

Anterior, Posterior, (Superior Tympanic Artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three meningeal layers?

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which layer of the meninges is avascular?

A

Arachnoid Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the features of the Dura Mater? (Dural infoldings)

A

Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebelli
Falx Cerebelli
Diaphragma Sellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the layers of the Dura Mater?

A

Superficial Layer - Endocranium

Deep Layer - Meningeal Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the Falx Cerebri?

A

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain, located in the longitudinal cerebral fissure between the hemispheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the Tentorium Cerebelli?

A

Exists between and separates the cerebellum and brainstem from the occipital lobes of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is the Falx Cerebelli?

A

A vertical dural infolding that lies inferior to the cerebellar tentorium in the posterior part of the posterior cranial fossa. It partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the Diaphragma Sellae?

A

Lies over the Hypophyseal Fossa.
The sellar diaphragm is the smallest dural infolding and is a circular sheet of dura that is suspended between the clinoid processes, forming a partial roof over the hypophysial fossa. The sellar diaphgram covers the pituitary gland in this fossa and has an aperture for passage of the infundibulum (pituitary stalk) and hypophysial veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The crista galli is in which cranial fossa?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the crista galli?

A

A thick, median ridge of bone posterior to the foramen caecum which projects superiorly from the ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the cribriform plate?

A

On each side of crista galli in ethmoid bone. Has many tiny forminae that transmit the olfactory nerves from the olfactory areas of the nasal cavities to the olfactory bulbs of the brain, which lie on this plate.

34
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Endothelium-lined spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura. Form where the dura septa attach along the free edge of the fall cerebra and in relation to formations of the cranial floor.

35
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

Where does it run from and to?

A

In the upper border of the convex falx cerebri.

From then crista galli to near the internal occipital protuberance

36
Q

What is the confluence of sinuses?

A

A meeting place of the Sup. Sagittal, Straight, Occipital, and Transverse Sinuses.

37
Q

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

Lower concave free border of the falx cerebri.

38
Q

What is the straight sinus?

A

Formed by the union of the inferior sagittal sinus with the great cerebral vein. Runs Infero-posteriorly along the line of attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli where is joins the confluences of sinuses.

39
Q

Where are the transverse sinuses?

A

Pass laterally from the confluence of sinuses, forming a groove in the occipital bones and parietal bones. Course along the posterolateral attached margins of the tantrum cerebella and then become the sigmoid sinuses as they approach the posterior aspect of the petrous temporal bones.

40
Q

Where does blood drain from the confluence of sinuses?

A

Into the transverse sinuses.

41
Q

Where are the sigmoid sinuses?

A

In the posterior cranial fossa. Follow an S-shaped course. Each sigmoid sinus turns anteriorly then continues inferiorly as the IJV

42
Q

Discuss the pattern of venous drainage within the dural venous sinuses

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus - Confluence of Sinuses - RIGHT Transverse Sinus

Inferior Sagittal Sinus - Straight Sinus - Confluence of Sinuses - LEFT Transverse Sinuses

R and L Transverse sinuses - R and L Sigmoid Sinuses - becomes Internal Jugular Vein at the Jugular Foramen

43
Q

What are the three regions of the Brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

44
Q

What makes up the Forebrain?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres, Thalamus and Hypothalamus

45
Q

What makes up the Hindbrain?

A

Pons, Medulla Oblongata and Cerebellum.

46
Q

What makes up the Brainstem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata.

47
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

It is composed of the epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and hypothalamus and forms the central core of the brain.

48
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A 
Frontal Lobes 
Parietal Lobes (Motor and Sensory Function)
Temporal Lobes (Smell, Hearing and Emotion)
Occipital Lobes (Vision)
49
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure separate?

A

The two cerebral hemispheres

50
Q

Where is the central sulcus

A

Between the frontal and parietal lobes

51
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus?

A

Separates the temporal and parietal lobes

52
Q

Where is the pre-central gyrus?

What occupies this part of the brain?

A

Anterior to the central sulcus

Primary Motor Cortex

53
Q

Where is the post-central gyrus?

What occupies this part of the brain?

A

Posterior to the central sulcus

Primary Sensory Cortex

54
Q

Describe the structure and location of the arachnoid and pia mater.

A

The avascular arachnoid, although closely applied to the meningeal layer of the dura, is not attached to the dura; it is held against the inner surface of the dura by the pressure of the CSF.
The pia adheres to the surface of the brain and follows all its contours.

55
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Includes the cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia

56
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the R and L cerebral hemispheres

57
Q

Where is the thalamus?

A

Forms wall of 3rd Ventricle and floor of lateral ventricles

58
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus?

A

Anterior and inferior to the thalamus.

59
Q

Where is the midbrain?

A

lies at the junction of the middle and posterior cranial fossae. CN III and IV are associated with the midbrain.

60
Q

Which Cranial Nerves are associated with the midbrain?

A

CNIII and CN IV

61
Q

Where is the Pons?
Which cranial fossa is it in?
Which Cranial Nerves are associated with the Pons?

A

Between midbrain rostrally and medulla oblongata caudally.
edulla oblongata caudally
It lies in the anterior part of the posterior cranial fossa.
CNV (Trigeminal)

62
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the Medulla Oblongata?

A

CNIX, CNX, CNXII

63
Q

Which nerves are associated with the ponto-medullary junction?

A

CNVI, CNVII, CNVIII.

64
Q

Where does each cranial nerve arise from?m

A 
CNI - Nose
CNII - Eye
CNIII - Midbrain
CNIV - Midbrain
CNV - Lateral Aspect of the Pons
CNVI - Ponto-medullary junction
CNVII - Ponto-medullary junction
CNVIII - Ponto-medullary junction
CNIX - Medulla Oblongata
CNX- Medulla Oblongata
CNXI - Spinal Root up through Foramen Magnum, Joins Cranial root and exits at Jugular Foramen
CNXII - Medulla Oblongata.
65
Q

Where is the calcarine sulcus?

A

Most inferior sulcus, can only be seen on sagittal section

66
Q

What separates Parietal and Occipital Lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

67
Q

Where is the arbor vitae

A

Cerebellum - ‘tree-like appearance’ when cut.

68
Q

What makes up the Basal Ganglia?

A

Caudate Nucleus, Lentiform Nucleus, Internal Capsule

69
Q

What makes up the Lentiform Nucleus?

A

Globus Pallidus (inner, whiter) and Putamen (outer, darker).

70
Q

What are the branches of the External Carotid Artery?

A 
Superior Thyroid Artery
Lingual Artery
Facial Artery
Maxillary Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery 
Posterior Auricular Artery 
Occipital Artery
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
71
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the base of the skull?

A

Foramen Spinosum

72
Q

What are the features of the Spinal Cord?

A 
Medulla Oblongata
Conus Medullaris 
Cauda Equina
Spinal Nerves
Dura Mater
73
Q

Describe the location and formation of the spinal nerves

A

Spinal nerves initially arise from the spinal cord as rootlets, these converge to form two nerve roots:

  1. An anterior (ventral) nerve root - MOTOR (efferent) fibers passing from nerve cell bodies in the anterior horn of spinal cord gray matter to peripheral effector organs
  2. A posterior (dorsal) nerve root - SENSORY (afferent) fibers from cell bodies in the spinal sensory or posterior (dorsal) root ganglion that extend peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to the posterior horn of spinal cord gray matter.

The two nerve roots unite, within or just proximal to the intervertebral foramen, to form a mixed SN, immediately divides into two rami: a posterior (dorsal) ramus and an anterior (ventral) ramus.

74
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

75
Q

What closes the eye?

A

Obicularis Oris Muscle

76
Q

What opens the eye?

A

Levator Palpaebrae Superioris

77
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal sac open into?

A

Inferior Nasal Meatus

78
Q

What action does the Superior Oblique Muscle have?

A

Move the eyeball DOWN and OUT

79
Q

What action does the Inferior Oblique Muscle have?

A

Move the eyeball UP and OUT

80
Q

What are the parts of the Caudate Nucleus?

A

Head
Body
Tail

81
Q

What lies at the end of the tail of the Caudate Nucleus?

A

Amygdaloid Nucleus

82
Q

Describe the path of the Internal Carotid Artery as it enters the skull.

A

Enters the Carotid Canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone, traverses Foramen Lacerum and enters the cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa.

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions