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Spotter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the branching of VII after Stylomastoid foramen

A

Gives off posterior auricular (passes inferiorly, then supeior to auricle) - motor to auricularis and occiptal belly of occipitofrontalis

then motor branches

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2
Q

What bone(s) does the optic foramen run through

A

Sphenoid

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3
Q

What bone(s) does the SOF run through

A

Sphenoid,

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4
Q

What bone(s) does the IOF run through

A

Sphenoid, palatine, zygoma

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5
Q

What bone(s) does the infraorbital canal run through

A

Maxilla

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6
Q

What bone(s) does the anterior ethmoidal foramen run through

A

Frontal, ethmoid

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7
Q

What bone(s) does the run nasolacrimal through

A

Maxilla, lacrimal

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8
Q

What bone(s) does the posterior ethmoidal foramen run through

A

Ethmoid, frontal

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9
Q

What bone(s) does the supraorbital foramen run through

A

frontal

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the medial pterygoid

A

Origin
-medial side of lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion
-medial surface of ramus, near angle

Elevates mandible

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the inferior lat pterygoid

A

Origin
-lat side of lat pterygoid plate

Insertion
-pterygoid fovea neck of mandible

Action
-ant translation

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the superior lat pterygoid

A

Origin
-inf temporal surface GWS

Insertion
-articular disc

Action
-closing mandible

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the temporalis

A

origin
- temporal fossa of the side of the skull

Insertion
-coronoid process of the ramus

Action
-closing mandible

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the superficial masseter

A

origin
-temporal process of zygomatic bone and anteriro 2/3 inf border of zygmoatic arch

Insertion
-angle of mandible and inf hald of lateral surface of ramus and as high as coronoid process

Elevates mandible

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the deep masseter

A

Origin
-post third lower border and medial surface of zygmoatic arch

Insertion
-angle of mandible and inf hald of lateral surface of ramus and as high as coronoid process

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16
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the palate

A

TVP (V3)
LVP
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae

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18
Q

branches of ECA

A

Medial
-Asceding pharyngeal

Posterior

  • Occipital
  • Posterior auricular

Anterior

  • Facial
  • Lingual
  • Superior thyroid
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19
Q

What supplies the tarsal muscle

A

Sympathetic via ICA plexus

- hence ptosis if compromised sympathetic chain

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20
Q

What is the central retinal artery

A

Given off in optic canal, runs with optic nerve

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21
Q

What is the significance of the recurrent meningeal artery

A

In some, it is the dominant source of arterial supply to the eye, opthalmic is redundant

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22
Q

What is significant about the fascia of the recti

A

Thickened anteriorly

Expansions of fascial sheaths of MR & LR

  • attach to lacrimal and zygomatic bone
  • limit extent of eye movement
  • medial and lateral check ligaments
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23
Q

What forms the sling of the orbit

A

IO and IR fascia blends with check ligament to form a sling

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24
Q

What does this nerve supply: inferior alveolar

What are the associated risks?

A

Lower teeth
Buccal and labial gingivae up to molars
Skin of cheek

Sphenomandibular - anatomical block - inadequate anaethesia

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25
Q

What does this nerve supply: Long buccal

A

Sensory branch of motor root - runs along masseter and penetrates buccinator

  • Skin over buccinator
  • Buccal mucosa and adjavent gingivae
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26
Q

What does this nerve supply: mental nerve

What are the associated risks?

A

Skin of chin, lower lip and mucosa

Injecting into the infra-alveolar nerve

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27
Q

What does this nerve supply: greater palatine

What are the associated risks?

A

hard palate and buccal gingivae

GVE
-glands of nasal cavity, pharynx and palate

Injecting into the parotid

28
Q

What does this nerve supply: Posterior superior alveolar nerve

What are the associated risks?

A

Posterior upper teeth and buccal gingivae

Injecting into pterygoid plexus

29
Q

What does this nerve supply:

What are the associated risks?

A

Skin of lower lid to upper lip, gingivae and lateral nose

Injecting into orbit, paralysis of extra-occular muscles

30
Q

What are the levels of each cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

Superior
-C2-C3 (associated w/ fusion of C1-C4)

Middle cervical

  • C5-C6
  • cardiac , thyroid, oesophagus, trachea

Inferior
-C7 - C8

31
Q

What are the layers of a suture

A

Oesteogenic
Periosteal
Loose connective tissue

Obilterate deep to superficial

32
Q

What are the layers of a synchondrosis

A

Zone of ossification
Zone of hypertrophy
Zone of proliferation
Resting layer

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the TMJ

A

Venous: Superficial temporal

Arterial:

  • Maxillary
  • MMA
  • Pterygoid venous plexus
34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the TMJ

A

Auriculotemporal
Deep temporal
Masseteric

35
Q

What is the role of the IHP and OOP

A

IHP - prevents excessive posterior displacement

OOP - role in positing condyle during opening

36
Q

What does the incisive foramen transmit

A

Greater palatine artery and nasoplatine nerve

37
Q

What does the inferior orbital fissure contain

A

V2: zygomatic and infraorbital

Infraorbial vessels
-infraorbital artery (maxillary_

Inferior opthalmic vein

Orbital ganglionic banches from pterygopalatine

38
Q

What does foramen ovale contain

A 
Emissary veins (pterygoid v plexus --> cavernous sinus)
V3
Accessory meningeal
Otic ganglion
Lesser petrosal
39
Q

Which bones contribue to anterior cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal

40
Q

Which bones contribue to middle cranial fossa

A

Temporal
Parietal
Sphenoid

41
Q

Which bones contribue to posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital
Temporal
Parietal

42
Q

What structures keep the articular disc on the condyle

A

IRL
Capsular ligament
Medial discal ligament
Lateral discal ligament

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the parotid bed

A

Anterior
-Ramus

Posterior
-mastoid process

Medial

  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • muscle of styloid process

Superior

  • TMJ
  • EAM

Inferior
-poorly defined

44
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior constrictor

A

Origin - pterygomandibular raphe, pterygoid hammulus, mandible

Insertion - pharyngeal raphe

Ascending pharyngeal artery

45
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the middle constrictor

A

Origin

  • lesser and greater cornua of hyoid
  • stylohyoid ligament
46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior constrictor

A

Origin

-Dorsal aspect of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

47
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

48
Q

What are the fascial layers of the pharynx

A

Pharyngobasillar

  • deep to mucosa
  • attaches to basilar occipital base, pharyngeal tubercle, petrous bone and med. pterygoid plate…

Buccopharyngeal
-nerves and vessels travel in this layer

49
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Motor
- Vagus bar stylopharyngeus

Sensory

  • Nasopharynx -V2
  • Oropharynx - IX
  • Laryngopharynx - X
50
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

Longitudinal
- curl AP

Transverse
-protrude

Vertical
-flatten - SI curling

51
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus

  • o: sup. genial tubercle
  • i: side of tongue
  • a: protrudes tongue

Hyoglossus

o: hyoid
i: side of tongue
a: pulls tongue inferiorly

Styloglossus
o:
o
a:pulls tongue posterosuperiorly

Palatoglossus
o: palatine aponeurosis
i:
a: elevates posterior tongue
ns: X
52
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity

A

Anterolateral
-dental arches

Posterior
-Oropharyngeal isthmus: palatoglossal and palatophrayngeal isthmus

53
Q

What is the freeway space

A

Interocclusal distances of teeth

54
Q

What sinuses drain into the middle meatus

A

Anterior ethmoidal - ethmoid infundibulum

Middle ethmoidal - just above ethmoid bulla

Frontal –> frontal recess –> ethmoid infundibulum (sometimes goes direct)

Maxillary –> maxillary ostium

55
Q

What sinuses drain into the superior meatus

A

Posterior ethmoid

56
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain

A

Via sphenoethmoidal recess above superior conchae

57
Q

What drains the inferior meatus

A

Nasolacrimal duct

58
Q

Describe the cervical sympathetic chain

A

Continuation of thoracic sympathetic chain

  • gray rami from spinal nerve, no white rami
  • Short pre-ganglionic fibres from thoracic vertebrae

3 ganglia

  • Superior C2/3
  • Middle - 40% - C6
  • Inferior - C6/7

2 variable

  • Stellate - fusion of sup thoracic and inf cervical
  • Vertebral - 10%

Supply structures of head and neck by peri-arterial plexuses and also heart
- e.g dilator pupillae muscles via ICA plexus

Each ganglion is connected by short cord, symphathetic trunk splits around subclavian artery (ansa subclavia)

Runs between pre-vertebral fascia and carotid sheath

59
Q

What are some important points to note in skull growth

A

Pattern of growth

  • neural (clavaria and orbit) vs somatic (face)
  • cortical drift & deposition against immovable structures
  • tensional forces
  • Suture fusion and cranicynostosis

Sutures

  • 5 layers
  • Ossify 3rd decade

Synchondroses

  • Endochondral 7 layers
  • Sphenooccipital
60
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa

A

Lateral
-condylar process and ramus

Medial
-lateral pterygoid, LVP, TVP

Posteriorly
-Styloid process

Anteriorly
-Post border of maxillar sinus

Roof
-GWS

Floor
-Medial pterygoid

61
Q

What is the blood supply to the pharynx

A

Venous:
-Pharyngeal veins –> pharyngeal plexus –> IJV

Arterial

  • Ascending palatine (facial)
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Maxillary branches - greater palatine
62
Q

What is the frankfurt line

A

Nasion - Inf border orbit - Porion - Inion

63
Q

What anatomical structures demarcate the ant and post extent of sylvian fissure

A

Anterior
-condylar line

Posterior
-Mastoid line

64
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the larynx and their actions

A

Cricothyroid
-approximates vocal cord length and tension, setting the pitch

Thyroarytenoid

  • deep surface of thyroid to arytenoid
  • pulls thyroid cartilage away from cricoid

Transverse and oblique interarytenoid muscles
-adduct cord by moving both arythenoids medially

Lateral cricoarytenoid

  • superolateral cricoid to muscular process of arytenoid
  • adducts

Posterior cricoarytenoid

  • post surface of cricoid lamina to muscular process
  • abducts
65
Q

What nerve does sensation to the globe of the eye

A

long ciliary

2 (7 decks)

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