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Lecture slides Flashcards

1
Q

What innervates platysma

A

Facial - cervical branch

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2
Q

Describe the layers of tissue in the posterior triangle

A

Skin
Superficial fascia (CN VII)
Platysma
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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3
Q

What does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia do

A

Covers deep structure (roof of posterior triangle)

Splits to enclose SCM and Trap

XI runs embedded in this layer

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4
Q

What plane does the external jugular vein run in

A

Between superficial and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the investing layer

A

Superior

  • ligamentum nuchae
  • hyoid bone
  • inferior border of mandible
  • superior nuchal line
  • continuous with paroitid fascia
  • external occipital protuberence
  • Inferior extent of mastoid process

Inferior

  • spinous process C7
  • Acromion
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
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6
Q

What are the layers of the deep fascia in the neck

A

Investing
Prevertebral
Pretracheal

(also carotid sheath, derived from component layers of deep fascia)

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7
Q

Describe the attachments of the pre-vertebral layer

A

Envelops vertebrae and deep cervical muscles surrounding vertebral column - forming floor of posterior triangle

Superior

  • basillar occipital bone
  • jugular foramen
  • carotid canal
  • supeiror nuchal line & external occipital protuberance

Posterior
-anterior transverse processes of C spine - 2 laminae (danger space)

Inferior
-inserts onto bones surrounding superior thoracic aperture

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8
Q

What is the cervical plexus

A

Ventral primary rami of some spinal nerves unite shortly after their origins
- an example of which > cervical plexus
- sensory and motor from C1- C4
x superficial are sensory

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9
Q

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus and their respective roots

A

Lesser occipital

Greater auricular C2/C3

Transverse cervical C2/C3

Supraclavicular C3/C4

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10
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis

A

C1-C3
-superior root C1 - travels with hypoglossal nerve
x motor: thyrohyoid, geniohyoid

-inferior root C2-C3 - travels in carotid sheath
x motor: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

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11
Q

What are the borders of anterior and posterior triangles

A

Anterior

  • midline
  • SCM
  • Lower border of mandible
  • Investing fascia - roof

Posterior triangle

  • SCM
  • Trap
  • Medial 1/3rd clavicle
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12
Q

Where does the accessor nerve arise

A

Ventral horn cells C1-C5

Merge

Ascend through foramen magnum and exit via jugular foramen

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13
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

Prevent food passage into lower respiratory tract
Allows passage of air
Organ of phonation

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14
Q

How many cartilages are there in the larynx

A

3 unpaired

  • epiglottic
  • thyroid
  • cricoid

6 paired

  • arythenoid
  • cuneiform
  • corniculate
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15
Q

What is the point where the thyroid laminae fused called

A

Thyroid angle

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16
Q

What do the horns of the thyroid connect with

A 
Superior horn (cornu)
-Hyoid

Inferior horn
-contributes to the cricothyroid joint
(cricoid attaches on medial surgace of horn)

17
Q

What are the processes of the arytenoids and what forms from them

A

Vocal process
-attach to vocal cords

Muscular process
-attach to posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid

Superior process
-attach to vestibular ligmament and thyroarytenoid ligament

18
Q

What do the laryngeal joints do

A

Cricothyroid

  • mediolateral rotation predominantly
  • anteroposterior translation

Crcioarytenoid
-mediolateral and superoinferior rotation

19
Q

How does the epiglottic cartilage attach to the larynx

A

Via thyroepiglottic ligament, attaching to the internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence

20
Q

What are the parts of the larynx

A

Vestibule

Ventricular (laryngeal ventricle and saccule)

infraglottic space

21
Q

Name all the muscles of the larynx, their actions, origins and insertions

A

see larynx

22
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the larynx

A

Above vocal cords
-internal branch of superior laryngeal

Below
-recurrent laryngeal

23
Q

What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supply

A

cricothyroid

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