Sports psychology

Question 1

imagery

Answer 1

is the recreation of the performance, in the mind, of a skill group of skills, a pervious positive experience or the picture of new events to prepare an individual mentally for performance

Question 2

when is imagery most effective

Answer 2

before

during

Question 3

relaxation

Answer 3

an athlete uses personal relaxation techqniues to mimise the stress and tension which result in a improved performance

Question 4

what does high stress do the perfromers performance

Answer 4

• physically it can affect coordination

- mentally it can result in poor decision making/missing cues

Question 5

when is relaxation best used

Answer 5

before
during
after

Question 6

methods of relaxation

Answer 6

meditiation 
progressive muscle relaxation 
floatation tanks 
music 
breathing technqiues
autogenic training

Question 7

self talk

Answer 7

involves talking or thinking to yourself prior to or during performance

Question 8

positive self talk

Answer 8

the aim is to enhane motivation, slef esteem, attentional ficus and performance. can be motivational self talk such as ‘i can do this’ or inustructional - ‘complete the following’

Question 9

negative self talk

Answer 9

self critical or demeaning- ‘i cant do this’. creates anxiety and self doubt and has a negative impact on performance. A player must stop negtiive thoughts which is called thought stopping

Question 10

self talk can be used

Answer 10

before
during
after

Question 11

goal setting

Answer 11

is the process of deciding on something you want to achieve, planning the steps to follow that will help you reach the goal and then working towards achieveing the goal.

Question 12

types of goal setting

Answer 12

SCCAMP SMARTER

Question 13

performance routines

Answer 13

is a ritual a performer follows in the preparation for or during the exectution of a task or skill

Question 14

when are performance routines most effective

Answer 14

before
during
after

Question 15

group cohesion

Answer 15

is a term used to describe the extent to which a group stays together and united in the pursuit of the common goals and objectives. 2 componenets task and social cohesion

Question 16

factors affecting group cohesion

Answer 16

1- environmental factors
2- personal factors
3- leadership factors
4- team factors

Question 17

factors affecting group cohesion - environmental

Answer 17

these are the normative forces which hold a group together; contracts, family/significant other expectation , age, geographical limitations, group size.

Question 18

factors affecting group cohesion - personal factors

Answer 18

refer to the individual characterstics of group members such as participation motives. players participate for 3 mai reasons:
1- task motivation
2- affiliation motivation
3- self motivation

Question 19

factors affecting group cohesion - leadership factors

Answer 19

good leaders will set:

• team goals
• individual roles
• team rules
• standards of behaviour

Question 20

factors affecting group cohesion - team factors

Answer 20

there are 3 levels of communication

• co-acting activities
• interacting activities
• mixed activities

Question 21

developing task cohesion

Answer 21

how commited are the team members to achieving their predetermined goal. How much are group members prepared to put in and sacrafice to achieve their aim?

Question 22

develop social cohesion

Answer 22

the degree to which team members enjoy being together. A socially cohesive group remains together regardless of the outcome of the task outcomes

Question 23

barriers to group cohesion

Answer 23

Personality clashes between members
Unclear / conflicting roles among group members
Frequent changes to the group
Disagreement on group objectives
Lack of communication
Power struggle between players.

Question 24

benefits of group cohesion

Answer 24

• Communication and motivation within the group is extensive.
• There is an increased feeling of the group as a whole rather than as individuals.
• Players work together to achieve team goals ahead of personal goals.
• Players enjoy each others success
• A group that has a high level of group cohesiveness is much more successful in achieving their goal.
• The members in groups that are cohesive are much more satisfied with that group and are willing to stay in the group longer and when things are not going well

Question 25

social loafing

Answer 25

ringlemann effect: is the tendancy of individuals to lessen their efforts when they are part of a group - the larger the group, the greater the chance of social loafing

Question 26

when does social loafing occur

Answer 26

• an individual athlete percieves other athletes to be working at a lower intenstity which in turn gives them to put less effort in themselves
• a belief that their efforts wont make a difference to the team and little if any effect on the outcome and the desired outcome will still be reached
• avoiding hard work and assuming no one will notice in a large group, easier to hide behind the pack
• individuals feel like their input is not essential to achieveing the goal

Question 27

how can social loafing be minimised

Answer 27

• Write a team contract which states;
  Group expectations
  Individual responsibilities
  Forms of communication
  Methods of discipline
• Develop rules of conduct;
  Establish rules of expected behaviour which will help the team achieve goals and objectives.
• Create appropriate group sizes;
  Assigning too many members to an easy task encourages loafing.
• Evaluate all members of a group individually
  Members will be more productive if they know that their individual contribution will evaluated.